1. Hypotension, tachycardia and low urine output are signs of: hypovolemia
2. 7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates: fully compensated respira-
tory acidosis
3. If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding percent-
ages (40, 5,15 and 20).
ICF =
ECF=
Interstitial =
Intravascular =: ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and Intravascular = 5
4. Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body
whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile: False .
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also
called the immune response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune system is
programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the damaged tissue is septic
or sterile.
5. 1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities,
jaundice, icterus, and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his
albumin levels are 1.2. Which option below describe the process behind the
ascites and pitting edema ?
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure: B- decreased capillary oncotic pres-
sure
6. Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
A. Lactic acid
B. Phosphoric acid
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
D. Carbonic acid: D- carbonic acid
7. In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease
by blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and
the kidneys will regulate the levels of to maintain a safe pH.: Car-
bonic acid/bicarbonate
,8. A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease
bowel sounds, thirst, and weakness. What potassium imbalance is this?: Hy-
pokalemia
,9. Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of into : An-
swer: water, cells
10. Causes of hypernatremia, include:
A excessive free water intake.
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium.: Answer: B, C, D
(some Causes of Hypernatremia)
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
11. Early changes of includes tall : Hyperkalemia,
peaked T waves
12. A is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during
healing.: Keloid
13. Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and promi-
nent U wave on EKG monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
a.) Magnesium 2.2
b.) Phosphorous 2.0
c.) Potassium 2.2
d.) Potassium 5.6: c.) Potassium 2.2
14. What is an electrolyte?
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
d.) All of the above: c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in
bodies of water
15. Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin: B. Acetylcholine
, 16. An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine
formation, the formation of SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral
edema
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Water
D. Sodium: D. Sodium
17. All of these are causes of edema except:
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
C: Increased in capillary permeability
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure: D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
18. have similar effects to histamine in later stages
A: prostaglandins
B: Eosinaphils
C: Leukotrienes
D: Platelet-activating factors: C: Leukotrienes
19. Causes of metabolic alkalosis include all the following except:
a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
B) Hypokalemia
c) Thiazide diuretic therapy
d) Recurrent vomiting: a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
20. All are true about metabolic alkalosis except one:
a) Associated with hyperkalemia
b) Associated with decreased ionic calcium concentration
c) Can be caused due to Primary hyperaldosteronism
d) Can be caused due to Renin secreting tumor: a) Associated with hyperkalemia
21. Which of the following are 2 forces that favor filtration?
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Plasma (capillary ) oncotic pressure
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure: A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. 7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates: fully compensated respira-
tory acidosis
3. If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding percent-
ages (40, 5,15 and 20).
ICF =
ECF=
Interstitial =
Intravascular =: ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and Intravascular = 5
4. Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body
whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile: False .
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also
called the immune response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune system is
programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the damaged tissue is septic
or sterile.
5. 1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities,
jaundice, icterus, and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his
albumin levels are 1.2. Which option below describe the process behind the
ascites and pitting edema ?
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure: B- decreased capillary oncotic pres-
sure
6. Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
A. Lactic acid
B. Phosphoric acid
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
D. Carbonic acid: D- carbonic acid
7. In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease
by blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and
the kidneys will regulate the levels of to maintain a safe pH.: Car-
bonic acid/bicarbonate
,8. A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease
bowel sounds, thirst, and weakness. What potassium imbalance is this?: Hy-
pokalemia
,9. Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of into : An-
swer: water, cells
10. Causes of hypernatremia, include:
A excessive free water intake.
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium.: Answer: B, C, D
(some Causes of Hypernatremia)
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
11. Early changes of includes tall : Hyperkalemia,
peaked T waves
12. A is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during
healing.: Keloid
13. Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and promi-
nent U wave on EKG monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
a.) Magnesium 2.2
b.) Phosphorous 2.0
c.) Potassium 2.2
d.) Potassium 5.6: c.) Potassium 2.2
14. What is an electrolyte?
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
d.) All of the above: c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in
bodies of water
15. Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin: B. Acetylcholine
, 16. An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine
formation, the formation of SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral
edema
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Water
D. Sodium: D. Sodium
17. All of these are causes of edema except:
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
C: Increased in capillary permeability
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure: D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
18. have similar effects to histamine in later stages
A: prostaglandins
B: Eosinaphils
C: Leukotrienes
D: Platelet-activating factors: C: Leukotrienes
19. Causes of metabolic alkalosis include all the following except:
a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
B) Hypokalemia
c) Thiazide diuretic therapy
d) Recurrent vomiting: a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
20. All are true about metabolic alkalosis except one:
a) Associated with hyperkalemia
b) Associated with decreased ionic calcium concentration
c) Can be caused due to Primary hyperaldosteronism
d) Can be caused due to Renin secreting tumor: a) Associated with hyperkalemia
21. Which of the following are 2 forces that favor filtration?
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Plasma (capillary ) oncotic pressure
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure: A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
