2026
argument - Answers the process of advancing claims supported by evidence and reasoning
claim - Answers an assertion or point that a speaker advocates
"more healthy food options on campus would allow students to have a healthier diet"
evidence - Answers (supporting material) used to substantiate the speakers claim and can take the form
of statistics, analogies, facts, examples, and testimony
evidence credibility statements - Answers brief statements that establish the quality of the information
you are using to support your ideas
"according to the Washington post"
warrant - Answers shows the audience that your evidence supports your claim
Ricky has a high temperature and the thermometer reads accordingly
Ricky must have a fever
qualifier - Answers uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and avoids exact words such
as always or never
rebuttal - Answers addresses a potential objection to your argument and challenges counterarguments
one sided message - Answers only favors the speakers point of view
CNN being a liberal only news source
multi sided message - Answers to present multiple perspectives of the controversial issue
a news source that isn't biased towards democrats or republicans
counterargument - Answers challenging a position or stance
logos - Answers rational proof - relies on evidence and reasoning
evidence or statistics
ethos - Answers the perception of the speakers credibility which include their competence, character,
and goodwill
pathos - Answers emotional appeal that evokes emotions into the audience such as fear, anger, pity,
etc...
inductive reasoning - Answers moves from particular occurrences to general