WCU PHYS 261 FINAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Internal respiration and external respiration - Answers -What are the 2 types of
respiration?
From a high area to a low area - Answers -In which direction does air flow due to
pressure differences?
Gas exchange that occurs between the aleveoli and rbcs, and between the rbcs and
tissue - Answers -What is internal respiration?
Air movement between the lungs and the atmosphere - Answers -What is external
respiration?
When air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs - Answers -What is inhalation?
When air moves from the lungs into the atmosphere - Answers -What is exhalation?
That pressure and volume are inversely proportional - Answers -What is Boyle's Law?
760 mmhg - Answers -What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
Pressure inside the lungs - Answers -What is intrapulmonary pressure?
Volume inside the lungs - Answers -What is intrapulmonary volume?
760mmhg - Answers -What is the atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure
when you are at rest?(neither inhaling or exhaling)
400ml air - Answers -What is the lung volume during rest?
Lower - Answers -For inspiration, is the intrapulmonary pressure higher or lower than
the atmospheric pressure?
-blood O2 levels are low, while CO2 is high
-chemoreceptors get stimulated
-chemoreceptors stimulate medulla(respiratory center)
-medulla stimulates the phrenic nerve
-phrenic nerve stimulates the diaphragm and respiratory muscles
-diaphragm and muscles move down and outward
-negative pressure created inside the lungs
-thoracic veins drain blood into the lungs
-increase in intrapulmonary volume
-decrease in intrapulmonary pressure by 4mmhg= 756mmhg
-air enters lungs - Answers -What are the steps of inspiration?
, Central receptors
-located near the medulla
-detect hydrogen concentration in CSF and by detecting hydrogen, it can tell if CO2 has
increased
Peripheral receptors
-found in carotid artery and aortic bodies
-detects a decrease in O2 levels, and if decreased, it stimulates the medulla - Answers
-What are the 2 types of chemoreceptors and their functions?
-inhalation caused the lungs to be filled with air
-stimulates stretch receptors within the medulla
-medulla inhibits the phrenic nerve
-diaphragm and respiratory muscles no longer stimulated by phrenic nerve
-diaphragm and muscles relax
-diaphragm moves up and muscles move inward
-lungs recoil properly
-blood is pushed out of the lungs
-decrease in intrapulmonary volume
-increase in intrapulmonary pressure by 8mmhg= 764mmhg
-air leaves lungs - Answers -What are the steps of expiration?
A- tidal volume(TV): a normal breath
B- inspiratory reserve volume(IRV): the amount of air your can forcefully inhale after a
normal inhale
C- expiratory reserve volume(ERV): the amount of air you can forcefully exhale after a
normal exhale
D- vital capacity(VC): the amount of air that can be manipulated
E- residual volume(RV): the amount of air always left in the lungs
F-total lung capacity(TLC): the total amount of air your lungs can hold - Answers -What
are the parts of components capacity and their meaning?
-the concentration of free hydrogen ions in a solution
-0-14
-acidic: 0-7, neutral: 7-8, basic: 8-14 - Answers -What is ph, its range, and the
categories within its range?
-ph is acidic
-metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess acid in the body or not
enough base in the body
-respiratory: imbalance between acid and base due to excess CO2 in the body -
Answers -What is acidosis, the 2 types of acid-base disturbances, and their meanings?
-ph is alkaline(basic)
-metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess base in body or not
enough acid in body
Internal respiration and external respiration - Answers -What are the 2 types of
respiration?
From a high area to a low area - Answers -In which direction does air flow due to
pressure differences?
Gas exchange that occurs between the aleveoli and rbcs, and between the rbcs and
tissue - Answers -What is internal respiration?
Air movement between the lungs and the atmosphere - Answers -What is external
respiration?
When air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs - Answers -What is inhalation?
When air moves from the lungs into the atmosphere - Answers -What is exhalation?
That pressure and volume are inversely proportional - Answers -What is Boyle's Law?
760 mmhg - Answers -What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
Pressure inside the lungs - Answers -What is intrapulmonary pressure?
Volume inside the lungs - Answers -What is intrapulmonary volume?
760mmhg - Answers -What is the atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure
when you are at rest?(neither inhaling or exhaling)
400ml air - Answers -What is the lung volume during rest?
Lower - Answers -For inspiration, is the intrapulmonary pressure higher or lower than
the atmospheric pressure?
-blood O2 levels are low, while CO2 is high
-chemoreceptors get stimulated
-chemoreceptors stimulate medulla(respiratory center)
-medulla stimulates the phrenic nerve
-phrenic nerve stimulates the diaphragm and respiratory muscles
-diaphragm and muscles move down and outward
-negative pressure created inside the lungs
-thoracic veins drain blood into the lungs
-increase in intrapulmonary volume
-decrease in intrapulmonary pressure by 4mmhg= 756mmhg
-air enters lungs - Answers -What are the steps of inspiration?
, Central receptors
-located near the medulla
-detect hydrogen concentration in CSF and by detecting hydrogen, it can tell if CO2 has
increased
Peripheral receptors
-found in carotid artery and aortic bodies
-detects a decrease in O2 levels, and if decreased, it stimulates the medulla - Answers
-What are the 2 types of chemoreceptors and their functions?
-inhalation caused the lungs to be filled with air
-stimulates stretch receptors within the medulla
-medulla inhibits the phrenic nerve
-diaphragm and respiratory muscles no longer stimulated by phrenic nerve
-diaphragm and muscles relax
-diaphragm moves up and muscles move inward
-lungs recoil properly
-blood is pushed out of the lungs
-decrease in intrapulmonary volume
-increase in intrapulmonary pressure by 8mmhg= 764mmhg
-air leaves lungs - Answers -What are the steps of expiration?
A- tidal volume(TV): a normal breath
B- inspiratory reserve volume(IRV): the amount of air your can forcefully inhale after a
normal inhale
C- expiratory reserve volume(ERV): the amount of air you can forcefully exhale after a
normal exhale
D- vital capacity(VC): the amount of air that can be manipulated
E- residual volume(RV): the amount of air always left in the lungs
F-total lung capacity(TLC): the total amount of air your lungs can hold - Answers -What
are the parts of components capacity and their meaning?
-the concentration of free hydrogen ions in a solution
-0-14
-acidic: 0-7, neutral: 7-8, basic: 8-14 - Answers -What is ph, its range, and the
categories within its range?
-ph is acidic
-metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess acid in the body or not
enough base in the body
-respiratory: imbalance between acid and base due to excess CO2 in the body -
Answers -What is acidosis, the 2 types of acid-base disturbances, and their meanings?
-ph is alkaline(basic)
-metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess base in body or not
enough acid in body
