QUIZ 2 NCOA COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Circadian or diurnal rhythm - ANSWER-The 24-hour cycle occurs in response to the
day-night cycle of the sun
Phase Advance - ANSWER-A normal age related change where older adults tend to
be sleepier in the evening & wake up earlier in the morning
Presleep Stage - ANSWER-A stage of increased relaxation and drowsiness that
typically lasts from 10 to 30 minutes
Stage 1 NREM - ANSWER-- lightest level of sleep
- starts after few minutes of falling asleep
- person easily aroused
- when awoken, person feels like they were daydreaming
Stage 2 NREM - ANSWER-- period of sound sleep
- arousal still relatively easy
- starts around 10/20 min after falling asleep
- body functions continue to slow
Stage 3 NREM - ANSWER-- deep sleep
- hard to arouse
- vitals are normal
Stage 4 NREM - ANSWER-- deepest stage
- difficult to arouse
- vitals may start to go down
- may sleepwalk
REM sleep - ANSWER-- vivid full color
- usually 90 min after falling asleep
- typically lose muscle tone
Insomnia - ANSWER-◦ Difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep or the belief that
one is not getting enough sleep
Sleep Apnea - ANSWER-- Obstructive caused by collapse of the airways is the most
common problem experienced
- rf = men, obesity, hypertension, diabetes
- excessively loud snoring interspersed w/ periods of apnea lasting 10/30 seconds
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder - ANSWER-Muscle activity normally inhibited during
REM
does not operate effectively and older adults
may thrash around in bed, jump or fall out of
bed, or sustain an injury as they attempt to
, protect themselves from vivid or violent
dreams
Functions of Integumentary System - ANSWER-Protective covering
Protects the body against pathogens
Water proof
Blocks the harmful effects of sunlight (melanin)
Regulates body temperature
Provides sensory information about the environment ( cold,
hot, pain, touch, pressure)
Important for Vit D conversion
Aging changes of Integumentary System - ANSWER-Less water in cells
Less elasticity
Less blood vessels
Less subcutaneous fat
Less hair follicles
Less melanocyte activity: increase cancer sunburns
Sweat glands atrophy
More lesions: senile purpura, senile lentigo,
Pressure Ulcers - ANSWER-any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in
damage to underlying tissues, localized, develop when soft tissue is compressed
Five Mechanisms of Pressure Ulcers - ANSWER-Pressure
Shearing
Friction
Moisture
Nutrition
Lack of Nutrition r/t Skin leads to... - ANSWER-Poor skin integrity
Delayed wound healing
Decreased resistance to infection
Friction - ANSWER-movement against another force
Shearing - ANSWER-deep fascia stays in one spot while outer moves in another
way
Pressure Points on Bony Prominences - ANSWER-
Eschar - ANSWER-black/brown devitalized tissue
Granulation Tissue - ANSWER-pink/red/moist with new blood vessels (what you
want to see in terms of healing)
Induration - ANSWER-localized hardening of soft tissue
Necrotic - ANSWER-dead cells or tissue
Circadian or diurnal rhythm - ANSWER-The 24-hour cycle occurs in response to the
day-night cycle of the sun
Phase Advance - ANSWER-A normal age related change where older adults tend to
be sleepier in the evening & wake up earlier in the morning
Presleep Stage - ANSWER-A stage of increased relaxation and drowsiness that
typically lasts from 10 to 30 minutes
Stage 1 NREM - ANSWER-- lightest level of sleep
- starts after few minutes of falling asleep
- person easily aroused
- when awoken, person feels like they were daydreaming
Stage 2 NREM - ANSWER-- period of sound sleep
- arousal still relatively easy
- starts around 10/20 min after falling asleep
- body functions continue to slow
Stage 3 NREM - ANSWER-- deep sleep
- hard to arouse
- vitals are normal
Stage 4 NREM - ANSWER-- deepest stage
- difficult to arouse
- vitals may start to go down
- may sleepwalk
REM sleep - ANSWER-- vivid full color
- usually 90 min after falling asleep
- typically lose muscle tone
Insomnia - ANSWER-◦ Difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep or the belief that
one is not getting enough sleep
Sleep Apnea - ANSWER-- Obstructive caused by collapse of the airways is the most
common problem experienced
- rf = men, obesity, hypertension, diabetes
- excessively loud snoring interspersed w/ periods of apnea lasting 10/30 seconds
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder - ANSWER-Muscle activity normally inhibited during
REM
does not operate effectively and older adults
may thrash around in bed, jump or fall out of
bed, or sustain an injury as they attempt to
, protect themselves from vivid or violent
dreams
Functions of Integumentary System - ANSWER-Protective covering
Protects the body against pathogens
Water proof
Blocks the harmful effects of sunlight (melanin)
Regulates body temperature
Provides sensory information about the environment ( cold,
hot, pain, touch, pressure)
Important for Vit D conversion
Aging changes of Integumentary System - ANSWER-Less water in cells
Less elasticity
Less blood vessels
Less subcutaneous fat
Less hair follicles
Less melanocyte activity: increase cancer sunburns
Sweat glands atrophy
More lesions: senile purpura, senile lentigo,
Pressure Ulcers - ANSWER-any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in
damage to underlying tissues, localized, develop when soft tissue is compressed
Five Mechanisms of Pressure Ulcers - ANSWER-Pressure
Shearing
Friction
Moisture
Nutrition
Lack of Nutrition r/t Skin leads to... - ANSWER-Poor skin integrity
Delayed wound healing
Decreased resistance to infection
Friction - ANSWER-movement against another force
Shearing - ANSWER-deep fascia stays in one spot while outer moves in another
way
Pressure Points on Bony Prominences - ANSWER-
Eschar - ANSWER-black/brown devitalized tissue
Granulation Tissue - ANSWER-pink/red/moist with new blood vessels (what you
want to see in terms of healing)
Induration - ANSWER-localized hardening of soft tissue
Necrotic - ANSWER-dead cells or tissue
