TAMU BIOL 319 Test 1
Anatomy - ANSWER: the study of structure
Gross Anatomy - ANSWER: large structures - visible without a microscope
Systemic Anatomy - ANSWER: systems of group structures - these systems DO overlap!
Regional Anatomy - ANSWER: studying every thing there is to know about one area of the body
Histology - ANSWER: tissues - microscopic anatomy - uses a light microscope
Tissue - ANSWER: group of cells that collectively make up your body in different combinations
Types of Tissues - ANSWER: connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
Cytology - ANSWER: study of the structure of cells - microscopic anatomy - uses an electron microscope
Physiology - ANSWER: study of function - chemical, cytology, histology, organ, organ system, organism
Organ - ANSWER: a group of 2 or more tissues that perform at least one common function or process
Organ System - ANSWER: group of organs that work together to perform specific task - 10
Skeletal System - ANSWER: provides support, meaningful movement & protection
Bones - ANSWER: hard part of skeletal system - work with muscles to provide movement - bone marrow is
stored here
,Joints - ANSWER: soft part of skeletal system - cartilage
Skeleton stores.... - ANSWER: Ca & Ph - withdrawn from bones into bloodstream to deliver to cells in need
Phosphate - ANSWER: required for DNA, RNA, ATP, protein phosphorylation
Calcium - ANSWER: necessary for nerve function, muscular contraction, intracellular signaling
Scaffolding - ANSWER: structure that everything hangs off of - muscles hang off of the skeleton
Muscular System - ANSWER: movement of bones and joints - helps produce body heat
Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER: only found in the heart - striated, mononuclear - involuntary control - makes up an
entire system
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER: striated, multinucleated - voluntary control - contributes the most to body mass
Smooth Muscle - ANSWER: NOT striated, mononuclear - involuntary control - lines organs
All muscles are... - ANSWER: made of cells who have a job to contract greatly
Skeletal Muscle also... - ANSWER: helps with reflexes and thermoregulation
Nervous System - ANSWER: cellular communication & control - CNS, PNS, sensory functions
CNS - ANSWER: controls activities of the body - brain & spinal cord - encapsulated by the skeleton
PNS - ANSWER: relayes information from CNS to body tissues - neurons & glial cells
Cranial Nerve - ANSWER: originates from nucleus within brain - 12
, Spinal Nerve - ANSWER: joining of ventral and dorsal roots from spinal cord - 31
Spinal cord can... - ANSWER: make its own decisions, but it is not as sophisticated as the brain
Integumentary System - ANSWER: skin & associated structures - protection, detection, regulation
Integumentary: Associated Structures - ANSWER: hair, nails, sweat glands
Integumentary: Size - ANSWER: largest organ in the body - ~11 pounds
Integumentary: Protection - ANSWER: mechanical, chemical, biological
Integumentary: Mechanical - ANSWER: physical barrier between environment & body - keeps bacteria out -
outer layer of skin is dead for reason!
Integumentary: Chemical - ANSWER: secretions kill bacteria - sweat & oil keep bacteria unhappy
Integumentary: Biological - ANSWER: skin cells destroy invaders - specific WBC are released throughout skin
Epidermis - ANSWER: superficial layer of the skin - comes in contact with the environment
Keratinocyte - ANSWER: most cells of epidermis - produce keratin - help resist abrasion & water loss
Epidermal Layers - ANSWER: stratum... corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Stratum Basale - ANSWER: epidermal stem cells & newly born epithelial cells - 1 to 2 layers thick with no direct
blood supply
Stem Cell - ANSWER: stem from which all cells come from - when a cell divides, one turns into a cell of the
stratum basale and the other becomes specialized elsewhere
Anatomy - ANSWER: the study of structure
Gross Anatomy - ANSWER: large structures - visible without a microscope
Systemic Anatomy - ANSWER: systems of group structures - these systems DO overlap!
Regional Anatomy - ANSWER: studying every thing there is to know about one area of the body
Histology - ANSWER: tissues - microscopic anatomy - uses a light microscope
Tissue - ANSWER: group of cells that collectively make up your body in different combinations
Types of Tissues - ANSWER: connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
Cytology - ANSWER: study of the structure of cells - microscopic anatomy - uses an electron microscope
Physiology - ANSWER: study of function - chemical, cytology, histology, organ, organ system, organism
Organ - ANSWER: a group of 2 or more tissues that perform at least one common function or process
Organ System - ANSWER: group of organs that work together to perform specific task - 10
Skeletal System - ANSWER: provides support, meaningful movement & protection
Bones - ANSWER: hard part of skeletal system - work with muscles to provide movement - bone marrow is
stored here
,Joints - ANSWER: soft part of skeletal system - cartilage
Skeleton stores.... - ANSWER: Ca & Ph - withdrawn from bones into bloodstream to deliver to cells in need
Phosphate - ANSWER: required for DNA, RNA, ATP, protein phosphorylation
Calcium - ANSWER: necessary for nerve function, muscular contraction, intracellular signaling
Scaffolding - ANSWER: structure that everything hangs off of - muscles hang off of the skeleton
Muscular System - ANSWER: movement of bones and joints - helps produce body heat
Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER: only found in the heart - striated, mononuclear - involuntary control - makes up an
entire system
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER: striated, multinucleated - voluntary control - contributes the most to body mass
Smooth Muscle - ANSWER: NOT striated, mononuclear - involuntary control - lines organs
All muscles are... - ANSWER: made of cells who have a job to contract greatly
Skeletal Muscle also... - ANSWER: helps with reflexes and thermoregulation
Nervous System - ANSWER: cellular communication & control - CNS, PNS, sensory functions
CNS - ANSWER: controls activities of the body - brain & spinal cord - encapsulated by the skeleton
PNS - ANSWER: relayes information from CNS to body tissues - neurons & glial cells
Cranial Nerve - ANSWER: originates from nucleus within brain - 12
, Spinal Nerve - ANSWER: joining of ventral and dorsal roots from spinal cord - 31
Spinal cord can... - ANSWER: make its own decisions, but it is not as sophisticated as the brain
Integumentary System - ANSWER: skin & associated structures - protection, detection, regulation
Integumentary: Associated Structures - ANSWER: hair, nails, sweat glands
Integumentary: Size - ANSWER: largest organ in the body - ~11 pounds
Integumentary: Protection - ANSWER: mechanical, chemical, biological
Integumentary: Mechanical - ANSWER: physical barrier between environment & body - keeps bacteria out -
outer layer of skin is dead for reason!
Integumentary: Chemical - ANSWER: secretions kill bacteria - sweat & oil keep bacteria unhappy
Integumentary: Biological - ANSWER: skin cells destroy invaders - specific WBC are released throughout skin
Epidermis - ANSWER: superficial layer of the skin - comes in contact with the environment
Keratinocyte - ANSWER: most cells of epidermis - produce keratin - help resist abrasion & water loss
Epidermal Layers - ANSWER: stratum... corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Stratum Basale - ANSWER: epidermal stem cells & newly born epithelial cells - 1 to 2 layers thick with no direct
blood supply
Stem Cell - ANSWER: stem from which all cells come from - when a cell divides, one turns into a cell of the
stratum basale and the other becomes specialized elsewhere
