PCB 3063- EXAM 1 HUGHES QUESTIONS
Alternative forms of a gene are called ________. - Answers :alleles
Genetics is the study of ________. - Answers :heredity and variation
The phenotype of an organism is __________. - Answers :the observable features of an
organism
Name the individual who, while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s,
demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the
behavior of hereditary factors. - Answers :Gregor Mendel
What are the basic subunits of DNA and RNA? - Answers :nucleotides
Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as
________, that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. - Answers :restriction
enzymes
which are desirable qualities in a model organism? - Answers :Model organisms can be
easily grown.
Model organisms include nematodes and zebrafish.
Model organisms share common genetic mechanisms with other organisms.
In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
traditional method of cloning by embryo splitting, Dolly was produced by which
procedure? - Answers :nuclear transfer
DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called ___________, which
separate during mitosis. - Answers :sister chromatids
After chromosomes condense, the _________ is the region where the identical DNA
molecules are most tightly attached to each other. - Answers :centromere(s)
During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the __________ - Answers
:kinetochore(s)
In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during _______ - Answers :interphase
The ________ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early
mitosis and plays a role in cell division. - Answers :mitotic spindle(s)
During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a
dispersed form called ______ - Answers :chromatin
, In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by _______, when the rest of the
cell divides. - Answers :cytokinesis
The _______ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating
chromosomes during mitosis. - Answers :centrosome(s)
Contrast the chromatin fiber with the mitotic chromosome. - Answers :In the chromatin
fiber, DNA is uncoiled and uncondensed, whereas in the mitotic chromosome, it is
coiled and condensed.
How are the two structures related? - Answers :The transition from chromatin to
individual chromosomes occurs at the beginning of mitosis (or meiosis). During this
time, chromatin fibers fold up and condense into the typical mitotic chromosome.
Prophase - Answers :Chromosomes coil up and condense.
Centrioles divide and move apart.
Prometaphase - Answers :Chromosomes are clearly double structures.
Centrioles reach the opposite poles.
Spindle fibers form.
Metaphase - Answers :Centromeres align on metaphase plate
Anaphase - Answers :Centromeres split.
Daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles.
Telophase - Answers :Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles.
Cytokinesis commences.
Contrast telophase in plant and animal mitosis. - Answers :Because of a cell wall
around the plasma membrane in plants, a cell plate, which was laid down during
anaphase, becomes the middle lamella where primary and secondary layers of the cell
wall are deposited. No such structure is seen in animal cells.
Contrast the end results of mitosis with those of meiosis. - Answers :In mitosis, there is
no change in chromosome number or kind in the two daughter cells, whereas in
meiosis, numerous potentially different haploid cells are produced.
Separation of sister chromatids occurs _______. - Answers :at anaphase in mitosis and
anaphase II in meiosis
The end result of meiosis is four haploid daughter cells. - Answers :true
Novel combinations of genes can arise from _______. - Answers :reciprocal exchange
of DNA between homologs during prophase I
Alternative forms of a gene are called ________. - Answers :alleles
Genetics is the study of ________. - Answers :heredity and variation
The phenotype of an organism is __________. - Answers :the observable features of an
organism
Name the individual who, while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s,
demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the
behavior of hereditary factors. - Answers :Gregor Mendel
What are the basic subunits of DNA and RNA? - Answers :nucleotides
Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as
________, that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. - Answers :restriction
enzymes
which are desirable qualities in a model organism? - Answers :Model organisms can be
easily grown.
Model organisms include nematodes and zebrafish.
Model organisms share common genetic mechanisms with other organisms.
In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
traditional method of cloning by embryo splitting, Dolly was produced by which
procedure? - Answers :nuclear transfer
DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called ___________, which
separate during mitosis. - Answers :sister chromatids
After chromosomes condense, the _________ is the region where the identical DNA
molecules are most tightly attached to each other. - Answers :centromere(s)
During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the __________ - Answers
:kinetochore(s)
In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during _______ - Answers :interphase
The ________ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early
mitosis and plays a role in cell division. - Answers :mitotic spindle(s)
During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a
dispersed form called ______ - Answers :chromatin
, In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by _______, when the rest of the
cell divides. - Answers :cytokinesis
The _______ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating
chromosomes during mitosis. - Answers :centrosome(s)
Contrast the chromatin fiber with the mitotic chromosome. - Answers :In the chromatin
fiber, DNA is uncoiled and uncondensed, whereas in the mitotic chromosome, it is
coiled and condensed.
How are the two structures related? - Answers :The transition from chromatin to
individual chromosomes occurs at the beginning of mitosis (or meiosis). During this
time, chromatin fibers fold up and condense into the typical mitotic chromosome.
Prophase - Answers :Chromosomes coil up and condense.
Centrioles divide and move apart.
Prometaphase - Answers :Chromosomes are clearly double structures.
Centrioles reach the opposite poles.
Spindle fibers form.
Metaphase - Answers :Centromeres align on metaphase plate
Anaphase - Answers :Centromeres split.
Daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles.
Telophase - Answers :Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles.
Cytokinesis commences.
Contrast telophase in plant and animal mitosis. - Answers :Because of a cell wall
around the plasma membrane in plants, a cell plate, which was laid down during
anaphase, becomes the middle lamella where primary and secondary layers of the cell
wall are deposited. No such structure is seen in animal cells.
Contrast the end results of mitosis with those of meiosis. - Answers :In mitosis, there is
no change in chromosome number or kind in the two daughter cells, whereas in
meiosis, numerous potentially different haploid cells are produced.
Separation of sister chromatids occurs _______. - Answers :at anaphase in mitosis and
anaphase II in meiosis
The end result of meiosis is four haploid daughter cells. - Answers :true
Novel combinations of genes can arise from _______. - Answers :reciprocal exchange
of DNA between homologs during prophase I
