PCB3043L – Final Exam Review Questions and answers. 2025/26 Updates. VERIFIED.

PCB3043L – Final Exam Review Questions and answers. 2025/26 Updates. VERIFIED. define community - -a group of individuals of different species living and interacting in the same area Define competition? - -interaction between individuals for the same resource pool to increase growth, reproduction, or survival Define ecology - -The study of interactions between organisms and their environment describe what are R) and G in a life history table? - -G (generation time) is the average time for a female to give birth to 1 offspring. R0 is the net reproductive rate for the expected female offspring in one individuals lifetime. Determine whether the following statements about scientific articles/publications are true or false. A) In secondary literature, authors write about only the experiments that the performed. B) Articles that have undergone "peer review" were sent to and reviewed by experts on the topic. - -A) false B) true Determine whether the following statements are true or false A) Median, Mode and Mean are centered in the same line on normal distribution curves B) When measuring central tendency, the curve can only be normally distributed C) The mean is the sum of all observation a group divided by the sample size for that group. - -A) true B) False C) true explain how the purpose of the results differs from the purpose of the discussion - -the results will present key findings objectively while the discussion will interpret the key findings subjectively Explain the difference between Accuracy and Precision and Inaccurate - -accuracy is the degree of a single measurement to the true value of the object being measured. precision is the degree of repeatability of a measurement. inaccurate is when the object being measured is not similar or close to the true value. Give an example of Random, Clumped and Uniform Distribution Pattern - -clumped distribution can be a school of fish in the ocean. Uniform distribution can be penguins in Antarctica maintaining their body heat. Random distribution can be flowers randomly spread out in a field Give an example of representative sampling - -representative sampling is a large sample size where samples are taken from an area that a population occupies. For example, the number of yellowfin tuna in the Atlantic ocean is measured by a sample area given in a diameter large enough to account for the Atlantic area. Give the definition and an example of Fundamental Niche and Realized Niche - -fundamental niche is a condition where an organism survives based on its physiological constraints. For example, finches with different beak sizes. A realized niche is a condition where an organism actually survives in the presence of competitors, like birds living in different parts of a tree. Handling Time is the amount of time it takes for a predator to a)catch and eat a certain prey item B) find and catch a certain prey item c) find and eat a certain prey item - -A catch and eat a certain prey item Identify whether the following statements are objectives (O), hypothesis (H), or predictions (P). A) overfishing of sea urchins will increase the abundance of an invasive algae species B) invasive species abundance in an area is determined by their climatic niche. C) variable rainfall patterns in a desert drive life history differences in 5 plant species D) We investigate behavioral plasticity of species and how it may protect species from climate change. - -A) H B) P C) P D) O Imagine you received the following values from an output: R2 = 0.47 and y = - 2.05 x + 7.62. As the X variable increases, the Y variable ( does not change / increases / decreases ). The R2 tells us that the linear relationship is ( weak / strong ). - -decreases; strong is the population primarily limited? - -populations are primarily limited by resource availabilities and the frequency and intensity of predation is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? 100 female alligators in Everglades National Park - -sample is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? a subset of 100 dead fish collected from each species - -sample is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? All female alligators in Everglades National Park - -Population is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? an estimate of the parameter obtained from analyzing the sample of 100 dead fish from each species - -statistic is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? Average number of offspring in a nest for 100 female alligators in Everglades National Park - statistic is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? Average number of offspring in a nest for all female alligators in Everglades National Park - parameter is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? The actual level of toxic chemicals present in the entire population of fish - -parameter is this a sample, statistic, parameter, or population example? the entire group of fish species common carp, largemouth bass, and bluegill present in the local lake. - -population list all the possible trade-offs. - -1) vigilance 2) resource availability 3) giving up density 4) flight initiation distance 5) group size 6) activity time and level