BCHM 4360 Exam 1 || 100% Verified Answers.
Genetic information is packaged into at least one very long DNA molecule -- a __________.
correct answers chromosome
Each chromosome contains ___ double-stranded DNA molecule correct answers one
Each chromosome has many _____ and other regions of DNA within a single molecule. Regions
between genes are __________. correct answers genes, intergenic
Eukaryotes have ______ chromosomes, most bacteria and archaea have ________ chromosomes.
correct answers linear, circular
____ complex organisms tend to have more _______ arranged genes. Example is _____. correct
answers less, densely, yeast
Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission yeast have _. correct
answers 46, 132, 6
Ploidy refers to correct answers how many sets of identical chromosomes an organism has
What is ploidy of humans and human sex cells? correct answers diploid, haploid
Each individual chromosome is __________ between the mother and the father. correct answers
homologous
_________ cells have multiple sets of chromosomes and are common in some plants. However,
some human cells such as _____ cells are also _________. correct answers Polyploid, liver,
polyploid
,Eukaryotic cells can have __________ DNA to the chromosomal DNA found in the _______.
correct answers additional, nucleus
____________ have their own, usually ________, chromosomes. correct answers Mitochondria,
circular
____________ also have their own chromosomes. correct answers Chloroplasts
____________ and ____________ are thought to have derived from ancestral free-living
bacteria that were absorbed and maintained by other single-celled organisms. correct answers
Mitochondria, chloroplasts
Bacterial cells often have additional DNA within their cells -- small circular molecules known as
________. correct answers plasmids
Viruses are infectious agents and carry genetic information as small ___ or ___ chromosomes.
These chromosomes can be ______ or _______, and ______ or ______ stranded. correct
answers DNA, RNA, linear, circular, double, single
Chromosomes must be ______ and ___________ to the next generation of cells faithfully.
correct answers copied, transferred
Cells must copy DNA and separate the chromosomes ______ they can divide. correct answers
before
In somatic cells, the sequence of events of cell division is called what? correct answers the cell
cycle
The chromosome cycle is ___________ with the cell cycle. correct answers coordinated
,What are the four main phases to the cell cycle? correct answers G1, S, G2, M
Describe what happens in G1. correct answers Cells grow to a minimum size required for the
next stage
Describe what happens in S. correct answers DNA is copied, duplicating the chromosomes. The
two sister chromatids remain associated with one another.
Describe what happens in G2. correct answers The cell prepares for mitosis
Describe what happens in M. correct answers Sister chromatids are separated and a full set of
chromosomes is moved to each pole of the cell.
On entry to which cell cycle phase does the nuclear envelope break down? correct answers M
In condensed chromosomes, DNA appears as large _____ anchored near the middle of the
chromosome. correct answers loops
Chromosomes consist of ___ plus __________ proteins that help condense the DNA into a
smaller space and _______ the genome. correct answers DNA, packaging, protect
The DNA-protein complex that makes up chromosomes is called _________. correct answers
chromatin
What occurs in the first packing stage of the chromatin? correct answers Small positively-
charged proteins bind to counteract the negative charges on DNA backbone
In bacteria, the first packing stage of chromatin _____ the DNA forming the _________, and the
bending induces ____________. correct answers bends, nucleoid, supercoiling
, In eukaryotes, the basic binding proteins are called ________. correct answers histones
How many core histones are there and what are they called? correct answers 4, H2A, H2B, H3,
H4
Which two amino acids are histones rich in and why? correct answers lysine and arginine due to
positive charges
DNA wraps around a histone complex in a ____-handed manner to form a __________. correct
answers left, nucleosome
Which two histone dimers associate with DNA first? correct answers H3, H4
Which two histone dimers associate last to form the octamer? correct answers H2A, H2B
About how many base pairs of DNA wrap around the histone octamer to form the nucleosome?
correct answers 146
Removing the histone octamer leaves what kind of supercoiled DNA? correct answers negative
Each core histone has a(n) _-terminal tail that extends outward between the DNA and coils.
correct answers N
The histone tails are up to __ amino acids long and have an _________ structure. correct answers
25, undefined
Why do the histone tails interact with other nucleosomes? correct answers to help compact DNA
further
Genetic information is packaged into at least one very long DNA molecule -- a __________.
correct answers chromosome
Each chromosome contains ___ double-stranded DNA molecule correct answers one
Each chromosome has many _____ and other regions of DNA within a single molecule. Regions
between genes are __________. correct answers genes, intergenic
Eukaryotes have ______ chromosomes, most bacteria and archaea have ________ chromosomes.
correct answers linear, circular
____ complex organisms tend to have more _______ arranged genes. Example is _____. correct
answers less, densely, yeast
Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission yeast have _. correct
answers 46, 132, 6
Ploidy refers to correct answers how many sets of identical chromosomes an organism has
What is ploidy of humans and human sex cells? correct answers diploid, haploid
Each individual chromosome is __________ between the mother and the father. correct answers
homologous
_________ cells have multiple sets of chromosomes and are common in some plants. However,
some human cells such as _____ cells are also _________. correct answers Polyploid, liver,
polyploid
,Eukaryotic cells can have __________ DNA to the chromosomal DNA found in the _______.
correct answers additional, nucleus
____________ have their own, usually ________, chromosomes. correct answers Mitochondria,
circular
____________ also have their own chromosomes. correct answers Chloroplasts
____________ and ____________ are thought to have derived from ancestral free-living
bacteria that were absorbed and maintained by other single-celled organisms. correct answers
Mitochondria, chloroplasts
Bacterial cells often have additional DNA within their cells -- small circular molecules known as
________. correct answers plasmids
Viruses are infectious agents and carry genetic information as small ___ or ___ chromosomes.
These chromosomes can be ______ or _______, and ______ or ______ stranded. correct
answers DNA, RNA, linear, circular, double, single
Chromosomes must be ______ and ___________ to the next generation of cells faithfully.
correct answers copied, transferred
Cells must copy DNA and separate the chromosomes ______ they can divide. correct answers
before
In somatic cells, the sequence of events of cell division is called what? correct answers the cell
cycle
The chromosome cycle is ___________ with the cell cycle. correct answers coordinated
,What are the four main phases to the cell cycle? correct answers G1, S, G2, M
Describe what happens in G1. correct answers Cells grow to a minimum size required for the
next stage
Describe what happens in S. correct answers DNA is copied, duplicating the chromosomes. The
two sister chromatids remain associated with one another.
Describe what happens in G2. correct answers The cell prepares for mitosis
Describe what happens in M. correct answers Sister chromatids are separated and a full set of
chromosomes is moved to each pole of the cell.
On entry to which cell cycle phase does the nuclear envelope break down? correct answers M
In condensed chromosomes, DNA appears as large _____ anchored near the middle of the
chromosome. correct answers loops
Chromosomes consist of ___ plus __________ proteins that help condense the DNA into a
smaller space and _______ the genome. correct answers DNA, packaging, protect
The DNA-protein complex that makes up chromosomes is called _________. correct answers
chromatin
What occurs in the first packing stage of the chromatin? correct answers Small positively-
charged proteins bind to counteract the negative charges on DNA backbone
In bacteria, the first packing stage of chromatin _____ the DNA forming the _________, and the
bending induces ____________. correct answers bends, nucleoid, supercoiling
, In eukaryotes, the basic binding proteins are called ________. correct answers histones
How many core histones are there and what are they called? correct answers 4, H2A, H2B, H3,
H4
Which two amino acids are histones rich in and why? correct answers lysine and arginine due to
positive charges
DNA wraps around a histone complex in a ____-handed manner to form a __________. correct
answers left, nucleosome
Which two histone dimers associate with DNA first? correct answers H3, H4
Which two histone dimers associate last to form the octamer? correct answers H2A, H2B
About how many base pairs of DNA wrap around the histone octamer to form the nucleosome?
correct answers 146
Removing the histone octamer leaves what kind of supercoiled DNA? correct answers negative
Each core histone has a(n) _-terminal tail that extends outward between the DNA and coils.
correct answers N
The histone tails are up to __ amino acids long and have an _________ structure. correct answers
25, undefined
Why do the histone tails interact with other nucleosomes? correct answers to help compact DNA
further
