CADS 2000 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Fully Solved
High Uncertainty avoidance - Answers -Need to avoid failure
-Need for agreement; diverse opinions not acceptable
-Strict rules and regulations
-Strong belief in experts and knowledge
-Higher stress
-Some emotional response accepted
-Inner imperative to work
-Unwilling to take risks
Low Uncertainty Avoidance - Answers -Flexibility, more willing to take conscious risks
-Conflicts accepted, more tolerance
-The fewer rules the better
-Strong belief in common sense
-Lower stress
-Minimize emotional response
-Hard work is not a value in itself
-Ready to take risks
Individualistic culture - Answers a culture in which the goals of the individual take precedence over the
goals of the group.
Collectivist culture - Answers a culture in which the goals of the group take precedence over the goals of
the individual
Features of Idividualistic Culture - Answers •Everyone has the right to have their own opinions
•A person's commitments include: their own interest, self-education, their own debts.
•Education is a lifelong process, one learns how to learn and acquire useful information and skills
•People are expected to care for themselves and their immediate family
•People have high self-awareness and are independent
,•Decisions are made individual and are influenced by people's beliefs and opinions
Features of Collectivist Culture - Answers •Opinions are shaped by the group
•Commitments towards the family: harmony, respect, family honor and loyalty
•Everyone is a part of a larger group and is expected to be loyal and care for its well being
•Group awareness comes first, mutual relationships and ties are emphasized
•Friendships are determined by group membership
•The group makes all decisions
Masculinity VS. Feminitiy - Answers •Refers to distribution of roles between men and women
•In masculine societies, the roles of men and women overlap less, and men are expected to behave
assertively
•In feminine societies, there is a great deal of overlap between male and female roles
traditional masculine values - Answers assertiveness, materialism, aggressiveness and a lack of concern
for others that prevail in society
traditional feminine values - Answers a concern for others, for relationships, nurturing, care for weak
and for quality of life
high masculinity values - Answers •Career is considered as most important
•Work needs take precedence
•Individual decision-making is emphasized (initiative)
•Achievement is given important and is defined in terms of money and recognition
low masculinity values - Answers •Importance is placed on cooperation and friendly atmosphere
•Employee security gets precedence
•Group decision making is emphasized
•Achievement is defined in terms of human contacts and living environment
Power Distance Index - Answers The degree of inequality that exists - and is accepted - between people
with and without power.
high PDI - Answers a ____ ___ score indicates that a society accepts an unequal, hierarchical of power,
and that people understand "their place" in the system.
, low PDI - Answers A ____ ____ score means that power is shared and is widely dispersed, and that
society members do not accept situations where power is distributed unequally.
high power distance - Answers -Inequality is unavoidable
-Respect is expected and lifelong virtue
-Centralization is popular
-Subordinates expect to be told
-White-collar jobs valued more than blue collar jobs
-Larger income differences in population
low power distance - Answers -Minimum inequality
-All treated as equals
-Decentralization is popular
-Subordinates expect to be consulted
-Manual labor has same status as advanced degrees
-Smaller income difference in population decreased further by tax system
(opinions) long term cultures - Answers -Most important events in life will occur in the future
-frugality
-Delayed gratification, perseverance and thrift
-Importance of preserving one's face
-save for future investing
-Fulfilling social obligations within reason
-Leisure time is not important
(opinions) short term culutures - Answers -Most important events in life took place in the past.
-Need to behave like others regardless of consequences
-Immediate gratification
-Do anything to achieve a goal
-don't worry about saving for the future
High Uncertainty avoidance - Answers -Need to avoid failure
-Need for agreement; diverse opinions not acceptable
-Strict rules and regulations
-Strong belief in experts and knowledge
-Higher stress
-Some emotional response accepted
-Inner imperative to work
-Unwilling to take risks
Low Uncertainty Avoidance - Answers -Flexibility, more willing to take conscious risks
-Conflicts accepted, more tolerance
-The fewer rules the better
-Strong belief in common sense
-Lower stress
-Minimize emotional response
-Hard work is not a value in itself
-Ready to take risks
Individualistic culture - Answers a culture in which the goals of the individual take precedence over the
goals of the group.
Collectivist culture - Answers a culture in which the goals of the group take precedence over the goals of
the individual
Features of Idividualistic Culture - Answers •Everyone has the right to have their own opinions
•A person's commitments include: their own interest, self-education, their own debts.
•Education is a lifelong process, one learns how to learn and acquire useful information and skills
•People are expected to care for themselves and their immediate family
•People have high self-awareness and are independent
,•Decisions are made individual and are influenced by people's beliefs and opinions
Features of Collectivist Culture - Answers •Opinions are shaped by the group
•Commitments towards the family: harmony, respect, family honor and loyalty
•Everyone is a part of a larger group and is expected to be loyal and care for its well being
•Group awareness comes first, mutual relationships and ties are emphasized
•Friendships are determined by group membership
•The group makes all decisions
Masculinity VS. Feminitiy - Answers •Refers to distribution of roles between men and women
•In masculine societies, the roles of men and women overlap less, and men are expected to behave
assertively
•In feminine societies, there is a great deal of overlap between male and female roles
traditional masculine values - Answers assertiveness, materialism, aggressiveness and a lack of concern
for others that prevail in society
traditional feminine values - Answers a concern for others, for relationships, nurturing, care for weak
and for quality of life
high masculinity values - Answers •Career is considered as most important
•Work needs take precedence
•Individual decision-making is emphasized (initiative)
•Achievement is given important and is defined in terms of money and recognition
low masculinity values - Answers •Importance is placed on cooperation and friendly atmosphere
•Employee security gets precedence
•Group decision making is emphasized
•Achievement is defined in terms of human contacts and living environment
Power Distance Index - Answers The degree of inequality that exists - and is accepted - between people
with and without power.
high PDI - Answers a ____ ___ score indicates that a society accepts an unequal, hierarchical of power,
and that people understand "their place" in the system.
, low PDI - Answers A ____ ____ score means that power is shared and is widely dispersed, and that
society members do not accept situations where power is distributed unequally.
high power distance - Answers -Inequality is unavoidable
-Respect is expected and lifelong virtue
-Centralization is popular
-Subordinates expect to be told
-White-collar jobs valued more than blue collar jobs
-Larger income differences in population
low power distance - Answers -Minimum inequality
-All treated as equals
-Decentralization is popular
-Subordinates expect to be consulted
-Manual labor has same status as advanced degrees
-Smaller income difference in population decreased further by tax system
(opinions) long term cultures - Answers -Most important events in life will occur in the future
-frugality
-Delayed gratification, perseverance and thrift
-Importance of preserving one's face
-save for future investing
-Fulfilling social obligations within reason
-Leisure time is not important
(opinions) short term culutures - Answers -Most important events in life took place in the past.
-Need to behave like others regardless of consequences
-Immediate gratification
-Do anything to achieve a goal
-don't worry about saving for the future
