Maths - Probability Notes
1. What is Probability?
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. It ranges from 0 (impossible) to 1
(certain).
2. Key Terms
- Experiment: An action or process that leads to a set of outcomes.
- Sample Space (S): The set of all possible outcomes.
- Event: A subset of the sample space.
3. Types of Probability
- Theoretical Probability: Based on reasoning or calculations.
- Experimental Probability: Based on the results of actual experiments.
Formula: P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes
4. Rules of Probability
- 0 P(E) 1
- P(Sample Space) = 1
- P(E') = 1 P(E), where E' is the complement of event E
5. Independent and Dependent Events
- Independent: Outcome of one does not affect the other.
- Dependent: Outcome of one affects the other.
6. Addition and Multiplication Rules
- Addition Rule: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
- Multiplication Rule (Independent): P(A B) = P(A) P(B)
7. Applications of Probability
- Used in games of chance, insurance, weather forecasting, and risk assessment in finance and business.
1. What is Probability?
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. It ranges from 0 (impossible) to 1
(certain).
2. Key Terms
- Experiment: An action or process that leads to a set of outcomes.
- Sample Space (S): The set of all possible outcomes.
- Event: A subset of the sample space.
3. Types of Probability
- Theoretical Probability: Based on reasoning or calculations.
- Experimental Probability: Based on the results of actual experiments.
Formula: P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes
4. Rules of Probability
- 0 P(E) 1
- P(Sample Space) = 1
- P(E') = 1 P(E), where E' is the complement of event E
5. Independent and Dependent Events
- Independent: Outcome of one does not affect the other.
- Dependent: Outcome of one affects the other.
6. Addition and Multiplication Rules
- Addition Rule: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
- Multiplication Rule (Independent): P(A B) = P(A) P(B)
7. Applications of Probability
- Used in games of chance, insurance, weather forecasting, and risk assessment in finance and business.
