AQA A Level Biology Unit 1
How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? - Correct Answers-They all have
similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA.
What are monomers of carbohydrates called? - Correct Answers-Monosaccharides.
Beta Glucose - Correct Answers-
Alpha glucose - Correct Answers-
Glucose formula - Correct Answers-C₆H₁₂O₆
Name of the bond between monosaccharides? - Correct Answers-Glycosidic bond.
What is sucrose made from? - Correct Answers-Glucose and fructose.
What is lactose made from? - Correct Answers-Glucose and galactose.
What is maltose made from? - Correct Answers-Two alpha glucose.
Testing for reducing sugars? - Correct Answers-Add Benedict's reagent (blue) and heat in a
water bath at a boil. If present: Green → yellow → orange → brick red
Test for non-reducing sugars? - Correct Answers-Add dilute hydrochloric acid and heat,
neutralise with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate and add Benedicts reagent.
What is the scientific name for carbohydrates? - Correct Answers-Polysaccharides.
What is starch made of? - Correct Answers-Starch is a mixture of two polysaccharides of alpha
glucose: Amylose and amylopectin.
What is amylose? - Correct Answers-A long, unbranched alpha glucose chain. The angles in it
make it have a coiled shape which makes it compact and effective for storage.
What is amylopectin? - Correct Answers-A long, braqnched alpha glucose chain. The side
branches mean that enzymes can get to and hydrolise glycosidic bonds faster so glucose can be
released quickly.
, What is glycogen? - Correct Answers-A polysaccharide of alpha glucose with a similar structure
to starch except it is more branched, allowing even faster energy release. It is also very
compact.
What is celluose? - Correct Answers-it is made of long. straight chains of beta glucose. The
chains are linked my hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils, a strong fibre. The strong fibres allow
it to provide structural support in cells as cell walls.
How to test for starch. - Correct Answers-Add iodine which is dissolved in potassium iodie ti the
sample. Positive result: Turns blue-black. Negative result: stays browny-orange.
Which of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids are not a polymer. - Correct Answers-Lipids.
What are triglycerides made of? - Correct Answers-Glycerol and fatty acids.
What causes lipids to be insoluble in water? - Correct Answers-The hydrophobic fatty acid tails.
What is the structure of a fatty acid? - Correct Answers-
What do double bonds cause in fatty acids? - Correct Answers-A kink in the chain.
Triglyceride formation? - Correct Answers-
What are phospholipids? - Correct Answers-Similar to triglycerides, but one of the fatty acid
tails is replaced by a phosphate group head.
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophillic and which part is hydrophobic? - Correct Answers-
The phosphate group is hydrophillic and the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic.
What are triglycerides mainly used for? - Correct Answers-To store energy, they are effective at
this as the hydrocarbon tails contain a lot of energy. They are also insoluble so do not affect the
water potential of cells, preventing swelling.
How much energy do lipids contain compared to carbohydrates? - Correct Answers-Twice as
much energy per gram.
Why do triglycerides bundle together in water? - Correct Answers-The fatty acid tails are
hydrophobic so face inwards, so are shielded by the glycerol heads.
How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? - Correct Answers-They all have
similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA.
What are monomers of carbohydrates called? - Correct Answers-Monosaccharides.
Beta Glucose - Correct Answers-
Alpha glucose - Correct Answers-
Glucose formula - Correct Answers-C₆H₁₂O₆
Name of the bond between monosaccharides? - Correct Answers-Glycosidic bond.
What is sucrose made from? - Correct Answers-Glucose and fructose.
What is lactose made from? - Correct Answers-Glucose and galactose.
What is maltose made from? - Correct Answers-Two alpha glucose.
Testing for reducing sugars? - Correct Answers-Add Benedict's reagent (blue) and heat in a
water bath at a boil. If present: Green → yellow → orange → brick red
Test for non-reducing sugars? - Correct Answers-Add dilute hydrochloric acid and heat,
neutralise with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate and add Benedicts reagent.
What is the scientific name for carbohydrates? - Correct Answers-Polysaccharides.
What is starch made of? - Correct Answers-Starch is a mixture of two polysaccharides of alpha
glucose: Amylose and amylopectin.
What is amylose? - Correct Answers-A long, unbranched alpha glucose chain. The angles in it
make it have a coiled shape which makes it compact and effective for storage.
What is amylopectin? - Correct Answers-A long, braqnched alpha glucose chain. The side
branches mean that enzymes can get to and hydrolise glycosidic bonds faster so glucose can be
released quickly.
, What is glycogen? - Correct Answers-A polysaccharide of alpha glucose with a similar structure
to starch except it is more branched, allowing even faster energy release. It is also very
compact.
What is celluose? - Correct Answers-it is made of long. straight chains of beta glucose. The
chains are linked my hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils, a strong fibre. The strong fibres allow
it to provide structural support in cells as cell walls.
How to test for starch. - Correct Answers-Add iodine which is dissolved in potassium iodie ti the
sample. Positive result: Turns blue-black. Negative result: stays browny-orange.
Which of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids are not a polymer. - Correct Answers-Lipids.
What are triglycerides made of? - Correct Answers-Glycerol and fatty acids.
What causes lipids to be insoluble in water? - Correct Answers-The hydrophobic fatty acid tails.
What is the structure of a fatty acid? - Correct Answers-
What do double bonds cause in fatty acids? - Correct Answers-A kink in the chain.
Triglyceride formation? - Correct Answers-
What are phospholipids? - Correct Answers-Similar to triglycerides, but one of the fatty acid
tails is replaced by a phosphate group head.
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophillic and which part is hydrophobic? - Correct Answers-
The phosphate group is hydrophillic and the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic.
What are triglycerides mainly used for? - Correct Answers-To store energy, they are effective at
this as the hydrocarbon tails contain a lot of energy. They are also insoluble so do not affect the
water potential of cells, preventing swelling.
How much energy do lipids contain compared to carbohydrates? - Correct Answers-Twice as
much energy per gram.
Why do triglycerides bundle together in water? - Correct Answers-The fatty acid tails are
hydrophobic so face inwards, so are shielded by the glycerol heads.
