EMD V14 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026
✔✔What are the characteristics of frostbite? - ✔✔Pale, gray, numb, bloodless, and cold;
in deep frostbite, tissues feel woody or stoney.
✔✔What are the symptoms of hypothermia? - ✔✔Sluggishness, decreased level of
consciousness, paleness, and cyanosis (blue or gray).
✔✔What is the protocol for hemorrhage and lacerations? - ✔✔Protocol 21
✔✔What are the dangerous types of hemorrhage? - ✔✔Armpit, coughing up
(SERIOUS), groin, neck, postoperative oral-pharyngeal, rectal (SERIOUS), vomiting
(SERIOUS)
✔✔What are the possibly dangerous types of hemorrhage? - ✔✔Abdomen, arm
(upper), chest, face, leg (upper), unknown location, urinating (traumatic), vaginal (not
pregnant), vaginal (post-partum), vomiting (MINOR)
✔✔What are the not dangerous types of hemorrhage? - ✔✔Ankle, back, buttock,
coughing up (MINOR), finger, foot, forearm, hand, leg (lower), mouth (not
vomiting/coughing), nose, penis (external), rectal (MINOR), scalp, toe, urinating/catheter
(non-traumatic), wrist
✔✔What defines serious hemorrhage? - ✔✔Uncontrolled bleeding (spurting or pouring)
from any area, or anytime a caller reports 'serious' bleeding.
✔✔What defines minor hemorrhage? - ✔✔Controlled or insignificant external bleeding
from any area.
✔✔What is the protocol for Inaccessible Incident / Other Entrapments (Non-Traffic)? -
✔✔Protocol 22
✔✔What is entrapment? - ✔✔A situation involving prevention of escape in which there
is an increased threat of injury, illness, or death to a victim.
✔✔What is the protocol for overdose or poisoning (ingestion)? - ✔✔Protocol 23
✔✔What is defined as an overdose? - ✔✔Intentional intake of a potentially harmful
substance (> 8 years old).
✔✔What is defined as poisoning (ingestion)? - ✔✔Accidental intake of a potentially
harmful substance.
✔✔What is Protocol 24 related to? - ✔✔Pregnancy, childbirth, and miscarriage
, ✔✔What is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)? - ✔✔Any procedure that involves partial
or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other intentional alteration or injury to
the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
✔✔What is the primary reason FGM is performed? - ✔✔To prevent sexual intercourse
or pleasure.
✔✔What is a miscarriage? - ✔✔The post-delivery of a fetus or products of conception
(tissue) prior to 6 months or 24 weeks of gestation.
✔✔What is a threatened miscarriage? - ✔✔Vaginal bleeding occurring in the first 24
weeks of pregnancy, sometimes accompanied by abdominal cramps, indicating that
miscarriage is possible.
✔✔What is Protocol 25 used for? - ✔✔It is used for assessing altered levels of
consciousness (LOC) in psychiatric or mental health conditions.
✔✔What are some descriptors indicating altered levels of consciousness? -
✔✔Combative, Confused, Dazed, Delirious, Disoriented, Incoherent, Lethargic, Non-
/Unresponsive, Not acting normal, Not aware, Out of it, Semi-conscious, Slurred
speech, Won't respond.
✔✔What are some examples of mental health conditions? - ✔✔Addiction,
ADHD/Learning disabilities, Anxiety, Bipolar disorder, Delirium, Dementia/Alzheimer's
disease, Depression/Grief, History of suicide attempts, Mood disorders, Schizophrenia.
✔✔What does the scope of mental health conditions affect? - ✔✔It affects a person's
ability to function in various environments and their concept of self.
✔✔What is the protocol for a sick person with a specific diagnosis? - ✔✔Protocol 26
✔✔What are some non-priority complaints at ALPHA-level? - ✔✔Blood pressure
abnormality (asymptomatic), Dizziness/Vertigo, Fever/Chills, General Weakness,
Nausea, New onset of immobility, Other pain (non-OMEGA-level), Transportation only,
Unwell/Ill, Vomiting, Possible meningitis
✔✔What are some non-priority complaints at OMEGA-level? - ✔✔Boils, Bumps, Can't
sleep, Can't urinate (w/o abdominal pain), Catheter (urinary - in/out w/o hemorrhaging),
Constipation, Cramps/Spasms/Joint pain (in extremities and non-traumatic), Cut-off ring
request, Deafness, Defecation/Diarrhea, Earache, Enema, Gout, Hemorrhoids/piles,
Hepatitis, Hiccups, Itching, Nervous, Object stuck (nose, ear, vagina, rectum, penis),
Object swallowed (w/o choking or diff breathing, can talk), Painful urination, Penis
problems/pain, Rash/Skin disorder (w/o diff breathing or swallowing), STD, Sore throat,
Toothache (w/o jaw pain), Wound infected (focal or surface)
✔✔What are the characteristics of frostbite? - ✔✔Pale, gray, numb, bloodless, and cold;
in deep frostbite, tissues feel woody or stoney.
✔✔What are the symptoms of hypothermia? - ✔✔Sluggishness, decreased level of
consciousness, paleness, and cyanosis (blue or gray).
✔✔What is the protocol for hemorrhage and lacerations? - ✔✔Protocol 21
✔✔What are the dangerous types of hemorrhage? - ✔✔Armpit, coughing up
(SERIOUS), groin, neck, postoperative oral-pharyngeal, rectal (SERIOUS), vomiting
(SERIOUS)
✔✔What are the possibly dangerous types of hemorrhage? - ✔✔Abdomen, arm
(upper), chest, face, leg (upper), unknown location, urinating (traumatic), vaginal (not
pregnant), vaginal (post-partum), vomiting (MINOR)
✔✔What are the not dangerous types of hemorrhage? - ✔✔Ankle, back, buttock,
coughing up (MINOR), finger, foot, forearm, hand, leg (lower), mouth (not
vomiting/coughing), nose, penis (external), rectal (MINOR), scalp, toe, urinating/catheter
(non-traumatic), wrist
✔✔What defines serious hemorrhage? - ✔✔Uncontrolled bleeding (spurting or pouring)
from any area, or anytime a caller reports 'serious' bleeding.
✔✔What defines minor hemorrhage? - ✔✔Controlled or insignificant external bleeding
from any area.
✔✔What is the protocol for Inaccessible Incident / Other Entrapments (Non-Traffic)? -
✔✔Protocol 22
✔✔What is entrapment? - ✔✔A situation involving prevention of escape in which there
is an increased threat of injury, illness, or death to a victim.
✔✔What is the protocol for overdose or poisoning (ingestion)? - ✔✔Protocol 23
✔✔What is defined as an overdose? - ✔✔Intentional intake of a potentially harmful
substance (> 8 years old).
✔✔What is defined as poisoning (ingestion)? - ✔✔Accidental intake of a potentially
harmful substance.
✔✔What is Protocol 24 related to? - ✔✔Pregnancy, childbirth, and miscarriage
, ✔✔What is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)? - ✔✔Any procedure that involves partial
or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other intentional alteration or injury to
the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
✔✔What is the primary reason FGM is performed? - ✔✔To prevent sexual intercourse
or pleasure.
✔✔What is a miscarriage? - ✔✔The post-delivery of a fetus or products of conception
(tissue) prior to 6 months or 24 weeks of gestation.
✔✔What is a threatened miscarriage? - ✔✔Vaginal bleeding occurring in the first 24
weeks of pregnancy, sometimes accompanied by abdominal cramps, indicating that
miscarriage is possible.
✔✔What is Protocol 25 used for? - ✔✔It is used for assessing altered levels of
consciousness (LOC) in psychiatric or mental health conditions.
✔✔What are some descriptors indicating altered levels of consciousness? -
✔✔Combative, Confused, Dazed, Delirious, Disoriented, Incoherent, Lethargic, Non-
/Unresponsive, Not acting normal, Not aware, Out of it, Semi-conscious, Slurred
speech, Won't respond.
✔✔What are some examples of mental health conditions? - ✔✔Addiction,
ADHD/Learning disabilities, Anxiety, Bipolar disorder, Delirium, Dementia/Alzheimer's
disease, Depression/Grief, History of suicide attempts, Mood disorders, Schizophrenia.
✔✔What does the scope of mental health conditions affect? - ✔✔It affects a person's
ability to function in various environments and their concept of self.
✔✔What is the protocol for a sick person with a specific diagnosis? - ✔✔Protocol 26
✔✔What are some non-priority complaints at ALPHA-level? - ✔✔Blood pressure
abnormality (asymptomatic), Dizziness/Vertigo, Fever/Chills, General Weakness,
Nausea, New onset of immobility, Other pain (non-OMEGA-level), Transportation only,
Unwell/Ill, Vomiting, Possible meningitis
✔✔What are some non-priority complaints at OMEGA-level? - ✔✔Boils, Bumps, Can't
sleep, Can't urinate (w/o abdominal pain), Catheter (urinary - in/out w/o hemorrhaging),
Constipation, Cramps/Spasms/Joint pain (in extremities and non-traumatic), Cut-off ring
request, Deafness, Defecation/Diarrhea, Earache, Enema, Gout, Hemorrhoids/piles,
Hepatitis, Hiccups, Itching, Nervous, Object stuck (nose, ear, vagina, rectum, penis),
Object swallowed (w/o choking or diff breathing, can talk), Painful urination, Penis
problems/pain, Rash/Skin disorder (w/o diff breathing or swallowing), STD, Sore throat,
Toothache (w/o jaw pain), Wound infected (focal or surface)
