Test bank Evolution making sense of life 2nd edition by carl zimmer

,Test bank Evolution making sense of life 2nd edition by carl
zimmer

Test Bank, Chapter 1 /| /| /|




1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|




(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation to
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive success
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


and passed the trait to their offspring
/| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes to
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


accommodate lower oxygen levels
/| /| /| /|


(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
/| /| /| /| /| /| /|




2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|




(a) are homologous traits
/| /|


(b) arose through convergent evolution /| /| /|


(c) are the result of natural selection
/| /| /| /| /|


(d) b and c are correct
/| /| /| /|


(e) all are correct
/| /|




3. Mammary glands in whales and humans: /| /| /| /| /|




(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) are homologous traits
/| /|


(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans and
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


whales
/|


(d) all are correct/| /|


(e) none are correct /| /|




4. Based on current fossil evidence:
/| /| /| /|




(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-like teeth or
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


baleen
/|


(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those of
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


extinct land mammals
/| /| /|


(d) a and c are correct
/| /| /| /|


(e) b and c are correct
/| /| /| /|




5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


Indohyus to cetaceans is:
/| /| /|




(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
/| /| /| /|


(c) the lack of hindlegs/| /| /|


(d) peg-like teeth /|

,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|




(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) DNA evidence /|


(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount of
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


time in the water
/| /| /| /|


(d) a and b are correct
/| /| /| /|


(e) all of the above/| /| /|




7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-term
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
/| /| /| /| /| /| /|




(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food for /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
/| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(c) changes in sea temperature /| /| /|


(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean /| /| /| /| /|


(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|




8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve so
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


rapidly:
/|




(a) they have a high mutation rate /| /| /| /| /|


(b) they have a high replication rate
/| /| /| /| /|


(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
/| /| /| /|


(d) none of the above /| /| /|


(e) all of the above /| /| /|




9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of drug
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


resistance in a virus:
/| /| /| /|




(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might be
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


resistant
/|


(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becoming
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against this
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


virion
/|


(d) all of the above/| /| /|




10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strain
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


would be inaccurate if:
/| /| /| /|




(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(d) none of the above /| /| /|

, 11. New mutations: /|




(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(c) are rare in a population /| /| /| /|


(d) a and b are correct/| /| /| /|


(e) all are correct /| /|




12. Evolution occurs when: /| /|




(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from one
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


generation to the next
/| /| /| /|


(c) a and b are both correct
/| /| /| /| /|


(d) Neither a or b is correct /| /| /| /| /|




Short answer/essay.
/|




1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetaceans
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|




1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are then /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


stop growing.
/| /|


2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sense
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
/| /| /| /| /|


3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


artiodactyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had
/| / | /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


hindlimbs.
/|




2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinct
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
/| /| /| /| /| /|




Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotopes
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutrons
/| /| /| /| / | /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


(heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate more
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thus, by
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| / | /|


measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil whales,
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiting
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


freshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determine
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|


whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
/| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /| /|