.
,.
CHAPTER3f1:3fThe3fScience3fof3fthe3fMind
LEARNING3fOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe3fthe3fscope3fand3fgoals3fof3fcognitive3fpsychology.
1.2. Understand3fthe3fcase3fof3fH.M.,3fand3fthe3fmany3fways3fthat3fmemory3finfluences3four3flives.
1.3. Describe3fthe3flimitations3fof3fintrospection3fas3fa3fmethod3ffor3fscientific3finquiry.
1.4. Compare3fand3fcontrast3fclassical3f(Watsonian)3fbehaviorism3fand3fcognitive3fpsychology.
1.5. Kant‘s3f―transcendental3fmethod‖3fis3fsometimes3fcalled3f―inference3fto3fbest3fexplanation.‖3fExplain3fthis3fmethod3fand3fhow3fitwo
rks.
1.6. Describe3fthe3frole,3fin3fthe3femergence3fof3fcognitive3fpsychology,3fthat3fwas3fplayed3fby3fcomputer3fscience3fand3fthe3fdev
elop-ment3fof3f―computer3fintelligence.‖
MULTIPLE3fCHOICE
1. Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3ftopics3fis3fNOT3fcommonly3fstudied3fwithin3fcognitive3fpsychology?
a. anger3fmanagement c. memory
b. decision3fmaking d. Attention
ANS:3 fA DIF: Easy REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsychology3fOBJ: 1.1 MSC:3fUnderstanding
2. Cognitive3fprocesses3fare3fNOT3fnecessary3ffor3fwhich3fdaily3factivity?
a. reading3fa3fnewspape c. talking3fon3fthe3fphone
r
d. breathing
b. studying3ffor3fa3ftest
ANS:3 f D DIF: Easy REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsycholo
gy
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa3fwants3fto3fbe3fa3fpsychologist3fbut3fis3funsure3fwhich3ftopic3fwithin3fpsychology3fmost3finterests3fher.3f
Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3ftopics3fwould3fbe3fLEAST3flikely3fto3flead3fher3finto3fcognitive3fpsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme3fdisease
b. language3facquisition d. problem-solving3fstrategies
,.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Easy REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsychology3fOBJ: 1.1 MSC:3fApplying
4. Consider3fthe3fsequence3f―Betsy3fwanted3fto3fbring3fJacob3fa3fpresent.3fShe3fshook3fher3fpiggy3fbank.‖3fMost3fpe
ople,3fafter3fhearing3fthis3fsequence,3fbelieve3fBetsy3fwas3fchecking3fher3fpiggy3fbank3fto3fsee3fif3fshe3fhad3fmoney3fto3fspend3fon3fth
e3fgift.3fThis3finference3fabout3fBetsy‘s3fgoals3fdepends3fon3fthe3ffact3fthat
a. our3fprevious3fknowledge3ffills3fin3fbackground3finformation3fwhenever3fwe‘re3funderstanding3fa
n3fevent3for3fconversation.
b. readers3fare3flikely3fto3fknow3fsomeone3fnamed3fJacob.
c. English,3funlike3fother3flanguages,3frequires3fspeakers3fto3fmention3fall3fof3fthe3fpeople3finvol
ved3fin3fan3fevent.
d. the3findividual3fsentences3fare3fshort.
ANS:3 fA DIF: Easy REF:
The3fBroad3fRole3ffor3fMemory3fOBJ: 1.1 MSC:3fUnderstanding
5. Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3fstatements3fis3fLEAST3flikely3fto3fapply3fto3fpatient3fH.M.?
a. ―He3fcannot3fremember3fwhat3fhe3fdid3fearlier3ftoday,3fincluding3fevents3fthat3ftook3fplace3fjust3fan3fhour3fago.‖
b. ―He3fread3fthis3fstory3flast3fmonth,3fbut3fhe3fwas3fstill3fsurprised3fby3fhow3fthe3fstory3fturned3fout.‖
c. ―Even3fthough3fhe3fhas3fencountered3fthe3fnurse3fmany3ftimes,3fhe3fis3fstill3funable3fto3frecognize3fher.‖
d. ―He3fremembered3fthat3fit3fwas3fonly3fa3fweek3fago3fthat3fhe‘d3fheard3fthe3fsad3fnews3fthat3fhis3funcle3fhad3fdied.‖
ANS:3 fD DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia3fand3fMemory3fLoss3fOBJ: 1.2 MSC:3fApplying
6. Research3fwith3fH.M.3fprovides3fan3fillustration3ffor3fwhich3fmajor3ftheme3fof3fthe3fchapter?
a. Introspection3fis3fan3fimportant3fresearch3ftool3ffor3fcognitive3fpsychologists.
b. Cognitive3fpsychology3fcan3fhelp3fus3funderstand3fa3fwide3frange3fof3factivities3fthat3fdepend3fon3f
someone‘s3fability3fto3fremember.
c. Memory3fis3fnot3fvery3fimportant.
d. The3fdisruption3fcaused3fby3fbrain3fdamage3fdepends3fon3fhow3fwidespread3fthe3fdamage3fis,3fand3
fnot3fon3fthe3fspecific3fsites3fthat3fare3fdamaged.
ANS:3 f 3 f B DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsycholo
gy
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients3fsuffering3ffrom3fclinical3famnesia3fare3fcharacterized3fby
a. memory3fdysfunction. c. inarticulate3fspeech.
b. an3finability3fto3frecognize3fpatter d. impaired3flanguage3fcomprehension.
ns.
ANS:3 fA DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia3fand3fMemory3fLoss3fOBJ: 1.2 MSC:3fRemembering
8. The3fterm3f―introspection‖3frefers3fto3fthe
a. process3fby3fwhich3fone3findividual3fseeks3fto3finfer3fthe3fthoughts3fof3fanother3findividual.
b. procedure3fof3fexamining3fthought3fprocessing3fby3fmonitoring3fthe3fbrain‘s3felectrical3factivity.
, .
c. process3fof3feach3fperson3flooking3fwithin,3fto3fobserve3fhis3for3fher3fown3fthoughts3fand3fideas.
d. technique3fof3fstudying3fthought3fby3finterpreting3fthe3fsymbols3fused3fin3fcommunication.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Easy REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fRemembering
9. A3fparticipant3fis3fasked3fto3flook3fwithin3fhimself3for3fherself3fand3freport3fon3fhis3for3fher3fown3fmental3fprocesses.3fT
his3fmethod
is3fcalled
a. logical3finference c. introspection.
.
d.
b. reconstruction.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Easy REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fRemembering
10. Of3fthe3ffollowing,3fintrospection3fis3fLEAST3fuseful3ffor3fstudying
a. topics3fthat3fare3fstrongly3fcolored3fby3femotion.
b. mental3fevents3fthat3fare3funconscious.
c. processes3fthat3finvolve3fconceptual3fknowledge.
d. events3fthat3ftake3fa3flong3ftime3fto3funfold.
ANS:3 fB DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fUnderstanding
11. Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3fstatements3fabout3fintrospection3fis3fFALSE?
a. It3fis3fthe3fonly3fway3fto3fobserve3fconscious3fevents3fdirectly.
b. It3fis3fsubjective.
c. It3fprovides3fstrong3fevidence3ffor3fhypothesis-testing.
d. It3fwas3fa3ftechnique3fused3fhistorically3fto3fstudy3fcognition.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fUnderstanding
12. Genie3fwonders3fwhy3fshe3fcan3fnever3fremember3fthe3fnames3fof3fnew3facquaintances.3fIn3fsearch3fof3fan3fanswer,3f
she3fexamines3fand3freflects3fon3fher3ffeelings3fabout3fmeeting3fnew3fpeople.3fGenie3fis3fengaged3fin3fwhich3fprocess?
a. practical3frehearsal c. learning3fhistory3fanalysis
b. introspection d. goal3fretrieval
ANS:3 fB DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fApplying
13. Introspection3fwas3femployed3fas3fa3fresearch3ftool3fin3fthe3flate3f1800s3fbecause
a. it3fwas3fregarded3fas3fthe3fonly3fway3fto3fobserve3fthe3fmind‘s3fcontents3fdirectly.
b. it3fprovided3fdata3ffrom3findividuals3fwithout3fany3fspecialized3ftraining.
c. conscious3fevents3fare3fjust3fas3fimportant3fas3funconscious3fevents.
,.
CHAPTER3f1:3fThe3fScience3fof3fthe3fMind
LEARNING3fOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe3fthe3fscope3fand3fgoals3fof3fcognitive3fpsychology.
1.2. Understand3fthe3fcase3fof3fH.M.,3fand3fthe3fmany3fways3fthat3fmemory3finfluences3four3flives.
1.3. Describe3fthe3flimitations3fof3fintrospection3fas3fa3fmethod3ffor3fscientific3finquiry.
1.4. Compare3fand3fcontrast3fclassical3f(Watsonian)3fbehaviorism3fand3fcognitive3fpsychology.
1.5. Kant‘s3f―transcendental3fmethod‖3fis3fsometimes3fcalled3f―inference3fto3fbest3fexplanation.‖3fExplain3fthis3fmethod3fand3fhow3fitwo
rks.
1.6. Describe3fthe3frole,3fin3fthe3femergence3fof3fcognitive3fpsychology,3fthat3fwas3fplayed3fby3fcomputer3fscience3fand3fthe3fdev
elop-ment3fof3f―computer3fintelligence.‖
MULTIPLE3fCHOICE
1. Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3ftopics3fis3fNOT3fcommonly3fstudied3fwithin3fcognitive3fpsychology?
a. anger3fmanagement c. memory
b. decision3fmaking d. Attention
ANS:3 fA DIF: Easy REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsychology3fOBJ: 1.1 MSC:3fUnderstanding
2. Cognitive3fprocesses3fare3fNOT3fnecessary3ffor3fwhich3fdaily3factivity?
a. reading3fa3fnewspape c. talking3fon3fthe3fphone
r
d. breathing
b. studying3ffor3fa3ftest
ANS:3 f D DIF: Easy REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsycholo
gy
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa3fwants3fto3fbe3fa3fpsychologist3fbut3fis3funsure3fwhich3ftopic3fwithin3fpsychology3fmost3finterests3fher.3f
Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3ftopics3fwould3fbe3fLEAST3flikely3fto3flead3fher3finto3fcognitive3fpsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme3fdisease
b. language3facquisition d. problem-solving3fstrategies
,.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Easy REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsychology3fOBJ: 1.1 MSC:3fApplying
4. Consider3fthe3fsequence3f―Betsy3fwanted3fto3fbring3fJacob3fa3fpresent.3fShe3fshook3fher3fpiggy3fbank.‖3fMost3fpe
ople,3fafter3fhearing3fthis3fsequence,3fbelieve3fBetsy3fwas3fchecking3fher3fpiggy3fbank3fto3fsee3fif3fshe3fhad3fmoney3fto3fspend3fon3fth
e3fgift.3fThis3finference3fabout3fBetsy‘s3fgoals3fdepends3fon3fthe3ffact3fthat
a. our3fprevious3fknowledge3ffills3fin3fbackground3finformation3fwhenever3fwe‘re3funderstanding3fa
n3fevent3for3fconversation.
b. readers3fare3flikely3fto3fknow3fsomeone3fnamed3fJacob.
c. English,3funlike3fother3flanguages,3frequires3fspeakers3fto3fmention3fall3fof3fthe3fpeople3finvol
ved3fin3fan3fevent.
d. the3findividual3fsentences3fare3fshort.
ANS:3 fA DIF: Easy REF:
The3fBroad3fRole3ffor3fMemory3fOBJ: 1.1 MSC:3fUnderstanding
5. Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3fstatements3fis3fLEAST3flikely3fto3fapply3fto3fpatient3fH.M.?
a. ―He3fcannot3fremember3fwhat3fhe3fdid3fearlier3ftoday,3fincluding3fevents3fthat3ftook3fplace3fjust3fan3fhour3fago.‖
b. ―He3fread3fthis3fstory3flast3fmonth,3fbut3fhe3fwas3fstill3fsurprised3fby3fhow3fthe3fstory3fturned3fout.‖
c. ―Even3fthough3fhe3fhas3fencountered3fthe3fnurse3fmany3ftimes,3fhe3fis3fstill3funable3fto3frecognize3fher.‖
d. ―He3fremembered3fthat3fit3fwas3fonly3fa3fweek3fago3fthat3fhe‘d3fheard3fthe3fsad3fnews3fthat3fhis3funcle3fhad3fdied.‖
ANS:3 fD DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia3fand3fMemory3fLoss3fOBJ: 1.2 MSC:3fApplying
6. Research3fwith3fH.M.3fprovides3fan3fillustration3ffor3fwhich3fmajor3ftheme3fof3fthe3fchapter?
a. Introspection3fis3fan3fimportant3fresearch3ftool3ffor3fcognitive3fpsychologists.
b. Cognitive3fpsychology3fcan3fhelp3fus3funderstand3fa3fwide3frange3fof3factivities3fthat3fdepend3fon3f
someone‘s3fability3fto3fremember.
c. Memory3fis3fnot3fvery3fimportant.
d. The3fdisruption3fcaused3fby3fbrain3fdamage3fdepends3fon3fhow3fwidespread3fthe3fdamage3fis,3fand3
fnot3fon3fthe3fspecific3fsites3fthat3fare3fdamaged.
ANS:3 f 3 f B DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fScope3fof3fCognitive3fPsycholo
gy
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients3fsuffering3ffrom3fclinical3famnesia3fare3fcharacterized3fby
a. memory3fdysfunction. c. inarticulate3fspeech.
b. an3finability3fto3frecognize3fpatter d. impaired3flanguage3fcomprehension.
ns.
ANS:3 fA DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia3fand3fMemory3fLoss3fOBJ: 1.2 MSC:3fRemembering
8. The3fterm3f―introspection‖3frefers3fto3fthe
a. process3fby3fwhich3fone3findividual3fseeks3fto3finfer3fthe3fthoughts3fof3fanother3findividual.
b. procedure3fof3fexamining3fthought3fprocessing3fby3fmonitoring3fthe3fbrain‘s3felectrical3factivity.
, .
c. process3fof3feach3fperson3flooking3fwithin,3fto3fobserve3fhis3for3fher3fown3fthoughts3fand3fideas.
d. technique3fof3fstudying3fthought3fby3finterpreting3fthe3fsymbols3fused3fin3fcommunication.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Easy REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fRemembering
9. A3fparticipant3fis3fasked3fto3flook3fwithin3fhimself3for3fherself3fand3freport3fon3fhis3for3fher3fown3fmental3fprocesses.3fT
his3fmethod
is3fcalled
a. logical3finference c. introspection.
.
d.
b. reconstruction.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Easy REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fRemembering
10. Of3fthe3ffollowing,3fintrospection3fis3fLEAST3fuseful3ffor3fstudying
a. topics3fthat3fare3fstrongly3fcolored3fby3femotion.
b. mental3fevents3fthat3fare3funconscious.
c. processes3fthat3finvolve3fconceptual3fknowledge.
d. events3fthat3ftake3fa3flong3ftime3fto3funfold.
ANS:3 fB DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fUnderstanding
11. Which3fof3fthe3ffollowing3fstatements3fabout3fintrospection3fis3fFALSE?
a. It3fis3fthe3fonly3fway3fto3fobserve3fconscious3fevents3fdirectly.
b. It3fis3fsubjective.
c. It3fprovides3fstrong3fevidence3ffor3fhypothesis-testing.
d. It3fwas3fa3ftechnique3fused3fhistorically3fto3fstudy3fcognition.
ANS:3 fC DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fUnderstanding
12. Genie3fwonders3fwhy3fshe3fcan3fnever3fremember3fthe3fnames3fof3fnew3facquaintances.3fIn3fsearch3fof3fan3fanswer,3f
she3fexamines3fand3freflects3fon3fher3ffeelings3fabout3fmeeting3fnew3fpeople.3fGenie3fis3fengaged3fin3fwhich3fprocess?
a. practical3frehearsal c. learning3fhistory3fanalysis
b. introspection d. goal3fretrieval
ANS:3 fB DIF: Moderate REF:
The3fLimits3fof3fIntrospection3fOBJ: 1.3 MSC:3fApplying
13. Introspection3fwas3femployed3fas3fa3fresearch3ftool3fin3fthe3flate3f1800s3fbecause
a. it3fwas3fregarded3fas3fthe3fonly3fway3fto3fobserve3fthe3fmind‘s3fcontents3fdirectly.
b. it3fprovided3fdata3ffrom3findividuals3fwithout3fany3fspecialized3ftraining.
c. conscious3fevents3fare3fjust3fas3fimportant3fas3funconscious3fevents.
