COMPLETE TEST BANK MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 6TH
EDITION ALBERTS
1 Scientists discover more than ten thousand new species of living organisms every year.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
gWhat is shared between all of these organisms?
g g g g g g g
A. They are made of cells, whose nuclei enclose their DNA.
g g g g g g g g g
B. They obtain their energy from sunlight. g g g g g
C. They produce and use adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
g g g g g g
D. Their genome contains at least 1000 genes.
g g g g g g
E. All of the above. g g g
2 All cells …
g g
A. have membrane transport proteins.
g g g
B. synthesize proteins on the ribosome. g g g g
C. replicate their genome by DNA polymerization. g g g g g
D. transcribe their genetic information by RNA polymerization.
g g g g g g
E. All of the above. g g g
3 Imagine a segment of DNA (within a gene) encoding a certain amount of information in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
its nucleotide sequence. When this segment is fully transcribed into mRNA and then translated
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
into protein, in general, …
g g g g g
A. the protein sequence would carry more information compared to the DNA and mRNA
g g g g g g g g g g g g
sequences, because its alphabet has 20 letters.
g g g g g g g
g B. the protein sequence would carry less information compared to the DNA and mRNA
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
sequences, because several codons can correspond to one amino acid.
g g g g g g g g g g
C. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is lower, because the mRNA has
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
been transcribed using only one of the DNA strands as the template.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
D. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is higher, because several mRNA
g g g g g g g g g g g g
molecules can be transcribed from one DNA molecule.
g g g g g g g g
4 Which of the following processes that happens inside a cell DOES NOT normally require
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
consumption of free energy by the cell?
g g g g g g g
, A. Replication of the genetic material g g g g
B. Import of nutrients from the environmentg g g g g
C. Diffusion of small molecules within the cell g g g g g g
D. Regulation of gene expression g g g
E. Synthesis of enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions g g g g g g
5 Which of the following would you N OT expect to find in a bacterial cell?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A. Swimming using flagella g g
B. Having a cell wall around the plasma membrane g g g g g g g
g C. ATP production in mitochondria
g g g g
D. Protein production on the ribosome g g g g
E. Sexual exchange of DNA with other bacteria g g g g g g
6 To trace family relationships between distantly related organisms such as humans, algae,
g g g g g g g g g g g
bacteria, and archaea, one should compare their genomes in regions …
g g g g g g g g g g g
A. that evolve rapidly.g g
B. that have a higher mutation rate.
g g g g g
C. that code for proteins.
g g g
D. where mutations are hardly tolerated.
g g g g
E. where most mutations are selectively neutral.
g g g g g
7 Laboratory strains of the model organism Escherichia coli that are resistant to antibiotics
g g g g g g g g g g g g
are very often used in research laboratories as well as in the biotechnology industry. If cultures
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gof such bacteria were allowed to contaminate the environment uncontrollably, it is possible that
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gat some point, pathogenic bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis (which causes meningitis and
g g g g g g g g g g g g
can cause death, especially in children) could acquire the same antibiotic-resistance gene,
g g g g g g g g g g g g
gcausing a meningitis outbreak that is difficult to treat. In this scenario, which of the following
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
mechanisms is a more likely source of the antibiotic-resistance gene in N. meningitidis?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A. Random new gene generation g g g
B. Intragenic mutation g
C. Gene duplication g
D. DNA segment shuffling g g
E. Horizontal gene transfer g g
8 A virus …
g g
A. is a type of cell.
g g g g
, B. has genetic material made of proteins.
g g g g g
C. can only infect a single host species.
g g g g g g
D. can act as a vector for gene transfer.
g g g g g g g
E. cannot persist in its host for more than one cell generation.
g g g g g g g g g g
9 Which of the following does NOT typically involve horizontal gene transfer?
g g g g g g g g g g
A. Sexual reproduction in humans g g g
B. Bacteriophage infection of bacteria g g g
C. The evolutionary history of the eukaryotic cell
g g g g g g
D. The accidental duplication of a small region of a bacterial chromosome followed by
g g g g g g g g g g g g
cell division
g g
E. Introduction of plasmids into bacteria in a laboratory g g g g g g g
10 Gene duplication can give rise to homologous genes that are part of gene families. For
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
example, there are six actin genes in the genome of most mammalian species. In humans, the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ACTB gene, which encodes a cytoskeletal actin, is expressed ubiquitously, while ACTC1 is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
expressed mainly in cardiac cells. Although bacteria lack the eukaryotic cytoskeletal
g g g g g g g g g g g
gorganization, the bacterial MreB gene bears recognizable sequence similarity to mammalian
g g g g g g g g g g
actin genes and codes for a protein that is similar to actin in structure and function. Which of the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
following statements is true about these genes?
g g g g g g g
A. ACTB is homologous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
g g g g g g g g
B. ACTB is orthologous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
g g g g g g g g
C. ACTB is paralogous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
g g g g g g g g
D. MreB is orthologous to ACTB but not to ACTC1.
g g g g g g g g
E. ACTB is paralogous to both ACTC1 and MreB.
g g g g g g g
11 Out of nearly 5000 protein-coding gene families, there is a set of nearly 300 conserved
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gene families that are found in species from all domains of life. When one looks at the general
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
functions assigned to these gene families, it is found that …
g g g g g g g g g g g
A. the majority of them function in cell-to-cell signaling.
g g g g g g g
B. the majority of them are poorly characterized.
g g g g g g
C. more than one-third of them are involved in translation or amino acid transport
g g g g g g g g g g g g
and m etabolism.
g g g
D. more than one-half of the shared families are involved in DNA replication
g g g g g g g g g g g
and transcription.
g g
E. Nearly all of them are involved in energy production and carbohydrate metabolism.
g g g g g g g g g g g
, 12 Which of the following is true regarding Escherichia coli?
g g g g g g g g
A. Most of our understanding about mitosis comes from studies on this model organism.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
B. It is a rod-shaped bacterium that can only grow in the gut of humans and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
other vertebrates.
g g
C. Two strains of E. coli can differ by up to 0.1% in their genomes.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
D . E. coli strain K-12 encodes about 4300 proteins.
g g g g g g g g g g
E. The E. coli (strain K-12) genome is about 430 million nucleotide pairs long.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
13 Which of the following is NOT true regarding the tree of life?
g g g g g g g g g g g
A. Most bacteria and archaea have 1000 to 6000 genes in their genomes.
g g g g g g g g g g g
B. Eukaryotes are more similar to archaea than to bacteria with respect to the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
proteins that act on their DNA.
g g g g g g
C. Most bacteria and archaea have genome sizes between one and ten million nucleotide
g g g g g g g g g g g g
pairs, whereas eukaryotic genomes can be millions of times larger.
g g g g g g g g g g
D. Archaeal species were thought to belong to the eukaryotic world before
g g g g g g g g g g
sequence analysis placed them in a separate domain of life.
g g g g g g g g g g
E. Photosynthetic bacteria are thought to be the ancestors of the eukaryotic chloroplasts. g g g g g g g g g g g
14 A mutation in the cdc28 gene in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes cell-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cycle arrest, giving rise to unbudded cells that look like “dumbbells.” Treatment of wild-type
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cells with nocodazole, a drug that destabilizes some cytoskeletal polymers, leads to a similar
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
phenotype. Based only on these observations, which statement is true regarding cdc28?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A. cdc28 codes for a master regulatory kinase that phosphorylates other proteins.
g g g g g g g g g g
B. Nocodazole binds to the protein coded by the cdc28 gene.g g g g g g g g g
C. The product of the cdc28 gene is responsible for resistance to nocodazole.
g g g g g g g g g g g
D. The product of the cdc28 gene is involved in cell cycle regulation.
g g g g g g g g g g g
E. The product of cdc28 destabilizes the same cytoskeletal polymers that
g g g g g g g g g
nocodazole also destabilizes.
g g g
15 Which of the following structures is exclusively found in eukaryotic cells?
g g g g g g g g g g
A. Plasma membrane g
B. Cell wall g
C. Chromosome
D. Ribosome
E. Lysosome
EDITION ALBERTS
1 Scientists discover more than ten thousand new species of living organisms every year.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
gWhat is shared between all of these organisms?
g g g g g g g
A. They are made of cells, whose nuclei enclose their DNA.
g g g g g g g g g
B. They obtain their energy from sunlight. g g g g g
C. They produce and use adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
g g g g g g
D. Their genome contains at least 1000 genes.
g g g g g g
E. All of the above. g g g
2 All cells …
g g
A. have membrane transport proteins.
g g g
B. synthesize proteins on the ribosome. g g g g
C. replicate their genome by DNA polymerization. g g g g g
D. transcribe their genetic information by RNA polymerization.
g g g g g g
E. All of the above. g g g
3 Imagine a segment of DNA (within a gene) encoding a certain amount of information in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
its nucleotide sequence. When this segment is fully transcribed into mRNA and then translated
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
into protein, in general, …
g g g g g
A. the protein sequence would carry more information compared to the DNA and mRNA
g g g g g g g g g g g g
sequences, because its alphabet has 20 letters.
g g g g g g g
g B. the protein sequence would carry less information compared to the DNA and mRNA
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
sequences, because several codons can correspond to one amino acid.
g g g g g g g g g g
C. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is lower, because the mRNA has
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
been transcribed using only one of the DNA strands as the template.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
D. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is higher, because several mRNA
g g g g g g g g g g g g
molecules can be transcribed from one DNA molecule.
g g g g g g g g
4 Which of the following processes that happens inside a cell DOES NOT normally require
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
consumption of free energy by the cell?
g g g g g g g
, A. Replication of the genetic material g g g g
B. Import of nutrients from the environmentg g g g g
C. Diffusion of small molecules within the cell g g g g g g
D. Regulation of gene expression g g g
E. Synthesis of enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions g g g g g g
5 Which of the following would you N OT expect to find in a bacterial cell?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A. Swimming using flagella g g
B. Having a cell wall around the plasma membrane g g g g g g g
g C. ATP production in mitochondria
g g g g
D. Protein production on the ribosome g g g g
E. Sexual exchange of DNA with other bacteria g g g g g g
6 To trace family relationships between distantly related organisms such as humans, algae,
g g g g g g g g g g g
bacteria, and archaea, one should compare their genomes in regions …
g g g g g g g g g g g
A. that evolve rapidly.g g
B. that have a higher mutation rate.
g g g g g
C. that code for proteins.
g g g
D. where mutations are hardly tolerated.
g g g g
E. where most mutations are selectively neutral.
g g g g g
7 Laboratory strains of the model organism Escherichia coli that are resistant to antibiotics
g g g g g g g g g g g g
are very often used in research laboratories as well as in the biotechnology industry. If cultures
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gof such bacteria were allowed to contaminate the environment uncontrollably, it is possible that
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gat some point, pathogenic bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis (which causes meningitis and
g g g g g g g g g g g g
can cause death, especially in children) could acquire the same antibiotic-resistance gene,
g g g g g g g g g g g g
gcausing a meningitis outbreak that is difficult to treat. In this scenario, which of the following
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
mechanisms is a more likely source of the antibiotic-resistance gene in N. meningitidis?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A. Random new gene generation g g g
B. Intragenic mutation g
C. Gene duplication g
D. DNA segment shuffling g g
E. Horizontal gene transfer g g
8 A virus …
g g
A. is a type of cell.
g g g g
, B. has genetic material made of proteins.
g g g g g
C. can only infect a single host species.
g g g g g g
D. can act as a vector for gene transfer.
g g g g g g g
E. cannot persist in its host for more than one cell generation.
g g g g g g g g g g
9 Which of the following does NOT typically involve horizontal gene transfer?
g g g g g g g g g g
A. Sexual reproduction in humans g g g
B. Bacteriophage infection of bacteria g g g
C. The evolutionary history of the eukaryotic cell
g g g g g g
D. The accidental duplication of a small region of a bacterial chromosome followed by
g g g g g g g g g g g g
cell division
g g
E. Introduction of plasmids into bacteria in a laboratory g g g g g g g
10 Gene duplication can give rise to homologous genes that are part of gene families. For
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
example, there are six actin genes in the genome of most mammalian species. In humans, the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ACTB gene, which encodes a cytoskeletal actin, is expressed ubiquitously, while ACTC1 is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
expressed mainly in cardiac cells. Although bacteria lack the eukaryotic cytoskeletal
g g g g g g g g g g g
gorganization, the bacterial MreB gene bears recognizable sequence similarity to mammalian
g g g g g g g g g g
actin genes and codes for a protein that is similar to actin in structure and function. Which of the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
following statements is true about these genes?
g g g g g g g
A. ACTB is homologous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
g g g g g g g g
B. ACTB is orthologous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
g g g g g g g g
C. ACTB is paralogous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
g g g g g g g g
D. MreB is orthologous to ACTB but not to ACTC1.
g g g g g g g g
E. ACTB is paralogous to both ACTC1 and MreB.
g g g g g g g
11 Out of nearly 5000 protein-coding gene families, there is a set of nearly 300 conserved
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gene families that are found in species from all domains of life. When one looks at the general
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
functions assigned to these gene families, it is found that …
g g g g g g g g g g g
A. the majority of them function in cell-to-cell signaling.
g g g g g g g
B. the majority of them are poorly characterized.
g g g g g g
C. more than one-third of them are involved in translation or amino acid transport
g g g g g g g g g g g g
and m etabolism.
g g g
D. more than one-half of the shared families are involved in DNA replication
g g g g g g g g g g g
and transcription.
g g
E. Nearly all of them are involved in energy production and carbohydrate metabolism.
g g g g g g g g g g g
, 12 Which of the following is true regarding Escherichia coli?
g g g g g g g g
A. Most of our understanding about mitosis comes from studies on this model organism.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
B. It is a rod-shaped bacterium that can only grow in the gut of humans and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
other vertebrates.
g g
C. Two strains of E. coli can differ by up to 0.1% in their genomes.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
D . E. coli strain K-12 encodes about 4300 proteins.
g g g g g g g g g g
E. The E. coli (strain K-12) genome is about 430 million nucleotide pairs long.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
13 Which of the following is NOT true regarding the tree of life?
g g g g g g g g g g g
A. Most bacteria and archaea have 1000 to 6000 genes in their genomes.
g g g g g g g g g g g
B. Eukaryotes are more similar to archaea than to bacteria with respect to the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
proteins that act on their DNA.
g g g g g g
C. Most bacteria and archaea have genome sizes between one and ten million nucleotide
g g g g g g g g g g g g
pairs, whereas eukaryotic genomes can be millions of times larger.
g g g g g g g g g g
D. Archaeal species were thought to belong to the eukaryotic world before
g g g g g g g g g g
sequence analysis placed them in a separate domain of life.
g g g g g g g g g g
E. Photosynthetic bacteria are thought to be the ancestors of the eukaryotic chloroplasts. g g g g g g g g g g g
14 A mutation in the cdc28 gene in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes cell-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cycle arrest, giving rise to unbudded cells that look like “dumbbells.” Treatment of wild-type
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cells with nocodazole, a drug that destabilizes some cytoskeletal polymers, leads to a similar
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
phenotype. Based only on these observations, which statement is true regarding cdc28?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A. cdc28 codes for a master regulatory kinase that phosphorylates other proteins.
g g g g g g g g g g
B. Nocodazole binds to the protein coded by the cdc28 gene.g g g g g g g g g
C. The product of the cdc28 gene is responsible for resistance to nocodazole.
g g g g g g g g g g g
D. The product of the cdc28 gene is involved in cell cycle regulation.
g g g g g g g g g g g
E. The product of cdc28 destabilizes the same cytoskeletal polymers that
g g g g g g g g g
nocodazole also destabilizes.
g g g
15 Which of the following structures is exclusively found in eukaryotic cells?
g g g g g g g g g g
A. Plasma membrane g
B. Cell wall g
C. Chromosome
D. Ribosome
E. Lysosome
