Adv Biology - Genetics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gt3sh5
1. Hybrid An organism produced from the cross of two genetically different parents; often
heterozygous for specific traits.
2. Purebred Offspring of parents that have the same trait.
3. P generation Parental generation; the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross.
4. F1 generation Offspring of the P generation
5. F2 generation Offspring of the F1 generation
6. Self Fertilization The fertilization of plants and some invertebrate animals by their own pollen or
sperm rather than that of another individual.
7. Cross Fertiliza- The fusion of sperm and egg derived from two different individuals.
tion
8. Hereditary Parti- Another name for a gene; Mendel proposed that they are passed unchanged from
cle parents to offspring and determine traits.
9. Monohybrid A cross in which only one trait is tracked
Cross
10. Dihybrid Cross Cross or mating between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
11. Dominant Describes a trait that dominates another form of that trait.
12. Recessive The trait that is expressed without the contribution of the dominant allele.
13. Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
14. Allele Version(s) of a gene
15. Locus Location of a gene on a chromosome
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16. Genotype Genetic makeup of an organism; ex: AA, Aa, aa.
17. Phenotype Visible/physical traits; ex: blue eyes, freckles, etc.
18. Punnett Square Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross.
19. Test cross A genetic cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype (but unknown
genotype) and a homozygous recessive individual; used to determine whether the
dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific trait.
20. Rule of Addition The probability that an event can occur in two or more alternative ways is the sum
of the separate probabilities of the different ways.
21. Rule of Multipli- States that the probability of two independent events occurring together is the
cation product of their individual probabilities.
22. Pedigree A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a
family.; tracks recessive traits.
23. Carrier A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.
24. Recessive Disor- Requires both parents to be carriers in order to inherit two recessive alleles for the
der disease; more common because carriers can pass them on without being affected;
ex: sickle cell, cystic fibrosis.
25. Dominant Disor- Genetic conditions in which a single faulty allele can cause damage, even when a
der second, functional allele exists; less common because affected individuals often
show symptoms and may not survive to pass on the allele; ex: dwarfism.
26. Incomplete Dom- The dominant allele isn't completely expressed when the recessive allele is around;
inance when the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozy-
gous phenotypes
27. Codominance
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gt3sh5
1. Hybrid An organism produced from the cross of two genetically different parents; often
heterozygous for specific traits.
2. Purebred Offspring of parents that have the same trait.
3. P generation Parental generation; the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross.
4. F1 generation Offspring of the P generation
5. F2 generation Offspring of the F1 generation
6. Self Fertilization The fertilization of plants and some invertebrate animals by their own pollen or
sperm rather than that of another individual.
7. Cross Fertiliza- The fusion of sperm and egg derived from two different individuals.
tion
8. Hereditary Parti- Another name for a gene; Mendel proposed that they are passed unchanged from
cle parents to offspring and determine traits.
9. Monohybrid A cross in which only one trait is tracked
Cross
10. Dihybrid Cross Cross or mating between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
11. Dominant Describes a trait that dominates another form of that trait.
12. Recessive The trait that is expressed without the contribution of the dominant allele.
13. Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
14. Allele Version(s) of a gene
15. Locus Location of a gene on a chromosome
1/7
, Adv Biology - Genetics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gt3sh5
16. Genotype Genetic makeup of an organism; ex: AA, Aa, aa.
17. Phenotype Visible/physical traits; ex: blue eyes, freckles, etc.
18. Punnett Square Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross.
19. Test cross A genetic cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype (but unknown
genotype) and a homozygous recessive individual; used to determine whether the
dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific trait.
20. Rule of Addition The probability that an event can occur in two or more alternative ways is the sum
of the separate probabilities of the different ways.
21. Rule of Multipli- States that the probability of two independent events occurring together is the
cation product of their individual probabilities.
22. Pedigree A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a
family.; tracks recessive traits.
23. Carrier A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.
24. Recessive Disor- Requires both parents to be carriers in order to inherit two recessive alleles for the
der disease; more common because carriers can pass them on without being affected;
ex: sickle cell, cystic fibrosis.
25. Dominant Disor- Genetic conditions in which a single faulty allele can cause damage, even when a
der second, functional allele exists; less common because affected individuals often
show symptoms and may not survive to pass on the allele; ex: dwarfism.
26. Incomplete Dom- The dominant allele isn't completely expressed when the recessive allele is around;
inance when the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozy-
gous phenotypes
27. Codominance
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