NR 601 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 -2025 NEW UPDATED VERSION
| GUARANTEED PASS A+ (CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY)
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER ->DKA (30% of
people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER ->HHNS
DKA - ANSWER ->acetone and keystones increase! once treated
expect potassium to drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ANSWER -
>Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ANSWER -
>Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER ->insulin is not secreted
adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ANSWER ->5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ANSWER ->140-199
Prediabetes fasting - ANSWER ->00-125
,Diabetes Random - ANSWER ->>=200
Diabetes Fasting - ANSWER ->>=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt - ANSWER ->>=200
Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER ->immune system attacks the beta
cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes - ANSWER ->usually presents in adults with
HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes - ANSWER ->Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria - ANSWER ->subjective experience of painful or burnign
on urination
Dysuria Cause - ANSWER ->inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
, Medications that can cause dysuria - ANSWER ->SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris - ANSWER ->Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically - ANSWER ->3 RBCs or more per high
powered field
Transient Hematuria - ANSWER ->Occurs on one occasion
Persistent - ANSWER ->occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria - ANSWER ->Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria - ANSWER -
>caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy
sauce
medications that cause hematuria - ANSWER ->Beta-lactam
antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet,
dilantin
Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - ANSWER ->further
work up
| GUARANTEED PASS A+ (CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY)
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER ->DKA (30% of
people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ANSWER ->HHNS
DKA - ANSWER ->acetone and keystones increase! once treated
expect potassium to drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ANSWER -
>Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ANSWER -
>Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER ->insulin is not secreted
adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ANSWER ->5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ANSWER ->140-199
Prediabetes fasting - ANSWER ->00-125
,Diabetes Random - ANSWER ->>=200
Diabetes Fasting - ANSWER ->>=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt - ANSWER ->>=200
Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER ->immune system attacks the beta
cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes - ANSWER ->usually presents in adults with
HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes - ANSWER ->Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria - ANSWER ->subjective experience of painful or burnign
on urination
Dysuria Cause - ANSWER ->inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
, Medications that can cause dysuria - ANSWER ->SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris - ANSWER ->Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically - ANSWER ->3 RBCs or more per high
powered field
Transient Hematuria - ANSWER ->Occurs on one occasion
Persistent - ANSWER ->occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria - ANSWER ->Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria - ANSWER -
>caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy
sauce
medications that cause hematuria - ANSWER ->Beta-lactam
antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet,
dilantin
Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - ANSWER ->further
work up
