ne
sh
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
ne
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORECT DETAILED
la
tz
sh
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE CORRECTLY VELIFIED
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
The nurse is preparing a client for testing to determine if the client has Cushing
syndrome. What tests are included in the screening process
la
24-hour urine secretion of cortisol
tz
Dexamethasone suppression test
sh
Sp
Plasma levels of ACTH
ne
A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she
la
has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and
sh
when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of
Sp
the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does
ne
the nurse anticipate seeing?
la
Increased levels of ACTH
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
A client is diagnosed with adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (ACTH) and is to
la
begin replacement therapy. Regarding which type of replacement will the nurse educate
tz
the client? sh
Cortisol replacement therapy
Sp
ne
Following destruction of the pituitary gland, ACTH stimulation stops. Without ACTH to
stimulate the adrenal glands, the adrenals' production of cortisol drops. This is an
la
example of which type of endocrine disorder? Secondary
sh
Sp
The nurse is preparing a client for a test that will measure negative feedback suppression
ne
of ACTH. Which medication will the nurse administer in conjunction for this test?
Dexamethasone
a
tz
l
sh
ACTH deficiency results in secondary hypocortisolism
Sp
ne
ACTH deficiency is most commonly caused by? glucocorticoid withdrawal
la
6 symptoms of an ACTH deficiency tiredness weakness anorexia N/V hypoglycemia
sh
orthostatic hypotension
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
sh
interpretation of ACTH levels requires simultaneous assessment of plasma
ne
cortisol levels la
tz
ACTH levels are normal to high in primary adrenal insufficiency
sh
Sp
ACTH levels are low to absent in secondary adrenal insufficiency
ne
la
The client has been taking an oral cortisol preparation for 2 years to manage an
autoimmune disease. What effects does the nurse expect this therapy to have on this
sh
client's circulating levels of ACTH and aldosterone? Decreased ACTH, decreased
Sp
aldosterone
ne
la
A nurse checks lab results as both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease can manifest
tz
with elevated levels of:
sh
Sp
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ne
3. Acute epiglottitis
la
A caregiver calls the pediatrician's office and reports to the nurse that her 4-year-old, who
was fine the previous day, complained of a sore throat early in the morning and now has
sh
Sp
a temperature of 102.6° F (39.2° C). The caregiver has tried to get the child to nap but the
ne
child gets panicky, immediately sits back up, and leans forward with her mouth open and
tongue out when the caregiver encourages her to lie down. The nurse suspects the child
la
has which of the following conditions? Epiglottitis
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
The caregivers of a child report that their child had a cold and complained of a sore
ne
throat. When interviewed further they report that the child has a high fever, is very
la
anxious, and is breathing by sitting up and leaning forward with the mouth open and the
tz
tongue out. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those seen with which of the
sh
following disorders? Epiglottitis
Sp
ne
The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl who shows signs and symptoms of epiglottitis.
la
The nurse recognizes a common complication of the disorder is for the child to: be
at risk for respiratory distress.
sh
Sp
ne
A 5-year-old child is brought to the clinic by his father because the child developed a
high fever over the past 2 to 3 hours. The nurse suspects epiglottitis based on which signs
a
and symptoms?
tz
l
• Difficulty speaking • Drooling • Sitting with neck extended • Frightened
sh
Sp
appearance
ne
4. AIDS
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
sh
A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has
ne
purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A
la
physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low
tz
lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has
sh
multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is likely
Sp
to be the man's problem and what is his prognosis?
ne
He is probably suffering from AIDS. His outlook is poor once the disease has
la
progressed to this advanced stage. There is no cure, and drug therapy has
had limited short-term success.
sh
Sp
ne
Why does nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
include monitoring of T lymphocyte counts?
la
A decrease in the number of T cells would make the patient more susceptible
tz
sh
to infection and unusual cancers.
Sp
ne
What is the length of time from infection with the AIDS virus to seroconversion? Up to
six months
la
sh
A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV/AIDS 4 years ago now presents with
Sp
cytomegalovirus. The nurse explains to the woman that the infection is caused by a
ne
common organism that normally does not cause infection in someone with a healthy
la
immune system. This type of infection is called what?
tz
Opportunistic infection
sh
The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with AIDS. The client asks
Sp
ne
the nurse, "How long will I live?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by
the nurse?
la
"AIDS is considered to be a chronic illness today."
Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing an intracellular
sh
Sp
pathogen infection?
ne
An AIDS client with a decreased CD4+ TH1 count
A consequence of alveolar hypoxia is:
la
tz
Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction sh
Sp
The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to: Alveolus radius
ne
la
The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the
lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this
sh
process? Perfusion
Sp
ne
A pulmonologist is discussing the base of the lungs with staff. Which information should
a
be included? At the base of the lungs: Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas
tz
pressure
l
sh
Sp
ne
When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower
lo be receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement
la
indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is called: Alveolar
sh
dead space
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
sh
Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient with
ne
hypoventilation? Hypercapnia
la
tz
A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of emphysema. Which information should the
sh
nurse include? Emphysema results in:
Sp
The destruction of alveolar septa and air trapping.
ne
6. Alzheimer’s disease
la
A patient is admitted to the unit in the middle stages of Alzheimer's disease. How would
sh
the nurse expect to find the patient's state of mind? Unable to perform simple tasks
Sp
ne
la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
a
tz
l
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
sh
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
ne
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORECT DETAILED
la
tz
sh
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE CORRECTLY VELIFIED
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
The nurse is preparing a client for testing to determine if the client has Cushing
syndrome. What tests are included in the screening process
la
24-hour urine secretion of cortisol
tz
Dexamethasone suppression test
sh
Sp
Plasma levels of ACTH
ne
A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she
la
has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and
sh
when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of
Sp
the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does
ne
the nurse anticipate seeing?
la
Increased levels of ACTH
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
A client is diagnosed with adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (ACTH) and is to
la
begin replacement therapy. Regarding which type of replacement will the nurse educate
tz
the client? sh
Cortisol replacement therapy
Sp
ne
Following destruction of the pituitary gland, ACTH stimulation stops. Without ACTH to
stimulate the adrenal glands, the adrenals' production of cortisol drops. This is an
la
example of which type of endocrine disorder? Secondary
sh
Sp
The nurse is preparing a client for a test that will measure negative feedback suppression
ne
of ACTH. Which medication will the nurse administer in conjunction for this test?
Dexamethasone
a
tz
l
sh
ACTH deficiency results in secondary hypocortisolism
Sp
ne
ACTH deficiency is most commonly caused by? glucocorticoid withdrawal
la
6 symptoms of an ACTH deficiency tiredness weakness anorexia N/V hypoglycemia
sh
orthostatic hypotension
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
sh
interpretation of ACTH levels requires simultaneous assessment of plasma
ne
cortisol levels la
tz
ACTH levels are normal to high in primary adrenal insufficiency
sh
Sp
ACTH levels are low to absent in secondary adrenal insufficiency
ne
la
The client has been taking an oral cortisol preparation for 2 years to manage an
autoimmune disease. What effects does the nurse expect this therapy to have on this
sh
client's circulating levels of ACTH and aldosterone? Decreased ACTH, decreased
Sp
aldosterone
ne
la
A nurse checks lab results as both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease can manifest
tz
with elevated levels of:
sh
Sp
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ne
3. Acute epiglottitis
la
A caregiver calls the pediatrician's office and reports to the nurse that her 4-year-old, who
was fine the previous day, complained of a sore throat early in the morning and now has
sh
Sp
a temperature of 102.6° F (39.2° C). The caregiver has tried to get the child to nap but the
ne
child gets panicky, immediately sits back up, and leans forward with her mouth open and
tongue out when the caregiver encourages her to lie down. The nurse suspects the child
la
has which of the following conditions? Epiglottitis
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
The caregivers of a child report that their child had a cold and complained of a sore
ne
throat. When interviewed further they report that the child has a high fever, is very
la
anxious, and is breathing by sitting up and leaning forward with the mouth open and the
tz
tongue out. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those seen with which of the
sh
following disorders? Epiglottitis
Sp
ne
The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl who shows signs and symptoms of epiglottitis.
la
The nurse recognizes a common complication of the disorder is for the child to: be
at risk for respiratory distress.
sh
Sp
ne
A 5-year-old child is brought to the clinic by his father because the child developed a
high fever over the past 2 to 3 hours. The nurse suspects epiglottitis based on which signs
a
and symptoms?
tz
l
• Difficulty speaking • Drooling • Sitting with neck extended • Frightened
sh
Sp
appearance
ne
4. AIDS
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
sh
A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has
ne
purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A
la
physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low
tz
lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has
sh
multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is likely
Sp
to be the man's problem and what is his prognosis?
ne
He is probably suffering from AIDS. His outlook is poor once the disease has
la
progressed to this advanced stage. There is no cure, and drug therapy has
had limited short-term success.
sh
Sp
ne
Why does nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
include monitoring of T lymphocyte counts?
la
A decrease in the number of T cells would make the patient more susceptible
tz
sh
to infection and unusual cancers.
Sp
ne
What is the length of time from infection with the AIDS virus to seroconversion? Up to
six months
la
sh
A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV/AIDS 4 years ago now presents with
Sp
cytomegalovirus. The nurse explains to the woman that the infection is caused by a
ne
common organism that normally does not cause infection in someone with a healthy
la
immune system. This type of infection is called what?
tz
Opportunistic infection
sh
The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with AIDS. The client asks
Sp
ne
the nurse, "How long will I live?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by
the nurse?
la
"AIDS is considered to be a chronic illness today."
Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing an intracellular
sh
Sp
pathogen infection?
ne
An AIDS client with a decreased CD4+ TH1 count
A consequence of alveolar hypoxia is:
la
tz
Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction sh
Sp
The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to: Alveolus radius
ne
la
The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the
lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this
sh
process? Perfusion
Sp
ne
A pulmonologist is discussing the base of the lungs with staff. Which information should
a
be included? At the base of the lungs: Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas
tz
pressure
l
sh
Sp
ne
When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower
lo be receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement
la
indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is called: Alveolar
sh
dead space
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
sh
Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient with
ne
hypoventilation? Hypercapnia
la
tz
A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of emphysema. Which information should the
sh
nurse include? Emphysema results in:
Sp
The destruction of alveolar septa and air trapping.
ne
6. Alzheimer’s disease
la
A patient is admitted to the unit in the middle stages of Alzheimer's disease. How would
sh
the nurse expect to find the patient's state of mind? Unable to perform simple tasks
Sp
ne
la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
ne
a
tz
l
sh
Sp
ne
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
