GCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
CUMULATIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST 2025-2026 UPDATE
Nephrolithiasis - Answer-Uric Acid Stones
Dehydration
Calcium buildup
Struvite Stone; Common in kidney infections
(Kidney stones)
Flank or Abd. pain; N/V; dysuria
Check renal function (BUN + Creatinine)
Check calcium and PTH levels
Bone density scan - Answer-Nephrolithiasis
nephrolithiasis treatment - Answer-Nephroscope; Crush and [retrieve]
Lithotripsy; pulverize stone by shock
Ureteroscope; snare stone
Surgery
Ovarian cysts - Answer-Hormone imbalance causing cysts
Pain in lower abdomen, pressure in lower abdomen
, Ultra sound- black mass (fluid filled sac) on ovary - Answer-Ovarian
Cysts
Testicular Torsion - Answer-twisting of the spermatic cord causing
decreased blood flow to the testis
Unilateral acute onset pain of testes
nausea & vomiting
Swelling
sports injury - Answer-Testicular torsion
Gout - Answer-Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
shellfish
increased Uric Acid levels
Joint inflammation
Kidney Stones - Answer-Gout
Osteoarthritis - Answer-pain/ stiffness
wear and tear
Rheumatoid factor missing
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer-a chronic autoimmune disorder in which
the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
CUMULATIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST 2025-2026 UPDATE
Nephrolithiasis - Answer-Uric Acid Stones
Dehydration
Calcium buildup
Struvite Stone; Common in kidney infections
(Kidney stones)
Flank or Abd. pain; N/V; dysuria
Check renal function (BUN + Creatinine)
Check calcium and PTH levels
Bone density scan - Answer-Nephrolithiasis
nephrolithiasis treatment - Answer-Nephroscope; Crush and [retrieve]
Lithotripsy; pulverize stone by shock
Ureteroscope; snare stone
Surgery
Ovarian cysts - Answer-Hormone imbalance causing cysts
Pain in lower abdomen, pressure in lower abdomen
, Ultra sound- black mass (fluid filled sac) on ovary - Answer-Ovarian
Cysts
Testicular Torsion - Answer-twisting of the spermatic cord causing
decreased blood flow to the testis
Unilateral acute onset pain of testes
nausea & vomiting
Swelling
sports injury - Answer-Testicular torsion
Gout - Answer-Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
shellfish
increased Uric Acid levels
Joint inflammation
Kidney Stones - Answer-Gout
Osteoarthritis - Answer-pain/ stiffness
wear and tear
Rheumatoid factor missing
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer-a chronic autoimmune disorder in which
the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
