.
,.
CHAPTER;1:;The;Science;of;the;Mind
LEARNING;OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe;the;scope;and;goals;of;cognitive;psychology.
1.2. Understand;the;case;of;H.M.,;and;the;many;ways;that;memory;influences;our;lives.
1.3. Describe;the;limitations;of;introspection;as;a;method;for;scientific;inquiry.
1.4. Compare;and;contrast;classical;(Watsonian);behaviorism;and;cognitive;psychology.
1.5. Kant‘s;―transcendental;method‖;is;sometimes;called;―inference;to;best;explanation.‖;Explain;this;method;and;how;itworks.
1.6. Describe;the;role,;in;the;emergence;of;cognitive;psychology,;that;was;played;by;computer;science;and;the;develop-
ment;of;―computer;intelligence.‖
MULTIPLE;CHOICE
1. Which;of;the;following;topics;is;NOT;commonly;studied;within;cognitive;psychology?
a. anger;management c. memory
b. decision;making d. Attention
ANS:; A DIF: Easy REF:
The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology;OBJ: 1.1 MSC:;Understanding
2. Cognitive;processes;are;NOT;necessary;for;which;daily;activity?
a. reading;a;newspaper c. talking;on;the;phone
b. studying;for;a;test d. breathing
ANS:; D DIF: Easy REF: The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa;wants;to;be;a;psychologist;but;is;unsure;which;topic;within;psychology;most;interests;her.;Which;of;the;fo
llowing;topics;would;be;LEAST;likely;to;lead;her;into;cognitive;psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme;disease
b. language;acquisition d. problem-solving; strategies
,.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy REF:
The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology;OBJ: 1.1 MSC:;Applying
4. Consider;the;sequence;―Betsy;wanted;to;bring;Jacob;a;present.;She;shook;her;piggy;bank.‖;Most;people,;after;heari
ng;this;sequence,;believe;Betsy;was;checking;her;piggy;bank;to;see;if;she;had;money;to;spend;on;the;gift.;This;inference;about;Betsy‘s;
goals;depends;on;the;fact;that
a. our;previous;knowledge;fills;in;background;information;whenever;we‘re;understanding;an;event;o
r;conversation.
b. readers;are;likely;to;know;someone;named;Jacob.
c. English,;unlike;other;languages,;requires;speakers;to;mention;all;of;the;people;involved;in;an;e
vent.
d. the;individual;sentences;are;short.
ANS:; A DIF: Easy REF:
The;Broad;Role;for;Memory;OBJ: 1.1 MSC:;Understanding
5. Which;of;the;following;statements;is;LEAST;likely;to;apply;to;patient;H.M.?
a. ―He;cannot;remember;what;he;did;earlier;today,;including;events;that;took;place;just;an;hour;ago.‖
b. ―He;read;this;story;last;month,;but;he;was;still;surprised;by;how;the;story;turned;out.‖
c. ―Even;though;he;has;encountered;the;nurse;many;times,;he;is;still;unable;to;recognize;her.‖
d. ―He;remembered;that;it;was;only;a;week;ago;that;he‘d;heard;the;sad;news;that;his;uncle;had;died.‖
ANS:; D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia;and;Memory;Loss;OBJ: 1.2 MSC:;Applying
6. Research;with;H.M.;provides;an;illustration;for;which;major;theme;of;the;chapter?
a. Introspection;is;an;important;research;tool;for;cognitive;psychologists.
b. Cognitive;psychology;can;help;us;understand;a;wide;range;of;activities;that;depend;on;someone‘s;a
bility;to;remember.
c. Memory;is;not;very;important.
d. The;disruption;caused;by;brain;damage;depends;on;how;widespread;the;damage;is,;and;not;on;the;sp
ecific;sites;that;are;damaged.
ANS:; ; B DIF: Moderate REF: The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients;suffering;from;clinical;amnesia;are;characterized;by
a. memory;dysfunction. c. inarticulate;speech.
b. an;inability;to;recognize;patterns. d. impaired;language;comprehension.
ANS:; A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia;and;Memory;Loss;OBJ: 1.2 MSC:;Remembering
8. The;term;―introspection‖;refers;to;the
a. process;by;which;one;individual;seeks;to;infer;the;thoughts;of;another;individual.
b. procedure;of;examining;thought;processing;by;monitoring;the;brain‘s;electrical;activity.
, .
c. process;of;each;person;looking;within,;to;observe;his;or;her;own;thoughts;and;ideas.
d. technique;of;studying;thought;by;interpreting;the;symbols;used;in;communication.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Remembering
9. A;participant;is;asked;to;look;within;himself;or;herself;and;report;on;his;or;her;own;mental;processes.;This;method
is;called
a. logical;inference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Remembering
10. Of;the;following,;introspection;is;LEAST;useful;for;studying
a. topics;that;are;strongly;colored;by;emotion.
b. mental;events;that;are;unconscious.
c. processes;that;involve;conceptual;knowledge.
d. events;that;take;a;long;time;to;unfold.
ANS:; B DIF: Moderate REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Understanding
11. Which;of;the;following;statements;about;introspection;is;FALSE?
a. It;is;the;only;way;to;observe;conscious;events;directly.
b. It;is;subjective.
c. It;provides;strong;evidence;for;hypothesis-testing.
d. It;was;a;technique;used;historically;to;study;cognition.
ANS:; C DIF: Moderate REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Understanding
12. Genie;wonders;why;she;can;never;remember;the;names;of;new;acquaintances.;In;search;of;an;answer,;she;examines;an
d;reflects;on;her;feelings;about;meeting;new;people.;Genie;is;engaged;in;which;process?
a. practical;rehearsal c. learning;history;analysis
b. introspection d. goal;retrieval
ANS:; B DIF: Moderate REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Applying
13. Introspection;was;employed;as;a;research;tool;in;the;late;1800s;because
a. it;was;regarded;as;the;only;way;to;observe;the;mind‘s;contents;directly.
b. it;provided;data;from;individuals;without;any;specialized;training.
c. conscious;events;are;just;as;important;as;unconscious;events.
,.
CHAPTER;1:;The;Science;of;the;Mind
LEARNING;OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe;the;scope;and;goals;of;cognitive;psychology.
1.2. Understand;the;case;of;H.M.,;and;the;many;ways;that;memory;influences;our;lives.
1.3. Describe;the;limitations;of;introspection;as;a;method;for;scientific;inquiry.
1.4. Compare;and;contrast;classical;(Watsonian);behaviorism;and;cognitive;psychology.
1.5. Kant‘s;―transcendental;method‖;is;sometimes;called;―inference;to;best;explanation.‖;Explain;this;method;and;how;itworks.
1.6. Describe;the;role,;in;the;emergence;of;cognitive;psychology,;that;was;played;by;computer;science;and;the;develop-
ment;of;―computer;intelligence.‖
MULTIPLE;CHOICE
1. Which;of;the;following;topics;is;NOT;commonly;studied;within;cognitive;psychology?
a. anger;management c. memory
b. decision;making d. Attention
ANS:; A DIF: Easy REF:
The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology;OBJ: 1.1 MSC:;Understanding
2. Cognitive;processes;are;NOT;necessary;for;which;daily;activity?
a. reading;a;newspaper c. talking;on;the;phone
b. studying;for;a;test d. breathing
ANS:; D DIF: Easy REF: The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa;wants;to;be;a;psychologist;but;is;unsure;which;topic;within;psychology;most;interests;her.;Which;of;the;fo
llowing;topics;would;be;LEAST;likely;to;lead;her;into;cognitive;psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme;disease
b. language;acquisition d. problem-solving; strategies
,.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy REF:
The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology;OBJ: 1.1 MSC:;Applying
4. Consider;the;sequence;―Betsy;wanted;to;bring;Jacob;a;present.;She;shook;her;piggy;bank.‖;Most;people,;after;heari
ng;this;sequence,;believe;Betsy;was;checking;her;piggy;bank;to;see;if;she;had;money;to;spend;on;the;gift.;This;inference;about;Betsy‘s;
goals;depends;on;the;fact;that
a. our;previous;knowledge;fills;in;background;information;whenever;we‘re;understanding;an;event;o
r;conversation.
b. readers;are;likely;to;know;someone;named;Jacob.
c. English,;unlike;other;languages,;requires;speakers;to;mention;all;of;the;people;involved;in;an;e
vent.
d. the;individual;sentences;are;short.
ANS:; A DIF: Easy REF:
The;Broad;Role;for;Memory;OBJ: 1.1 MSC:;Understanding
5. Which;of;the;following;statements;is;LEAST;likely;to;apply;to;patient;H.M.?
a. ―He;cannot;remember;what;he;did;earlier;today,;including;events;that;took;place;just;an;hour;ago.‖
b. ―He;read;this;story;last;month,;but;he;was;still;surprised;by;how;the;story;turned;out.‖
c. ―Even;though;he;has;encountered;the;nurse;many;times,;he;is;still;unable;to;recognize;her.‖
d. ―He;remembered;that;it;was;only;a;week;ago;that;he‘d;heard;the;sad;news;that;his;uncle;had;died.‖
ANS:; D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia;and;Memory;Loss;OBJ: 1.2 MSC:;Applying
6. Research;with;H.M.;provides;an;illustration;for;which;major;theme;of;the;chapter?
a. Introspection;is;an;important;research;tool;for;cognitive;psychologists.
b. Cognitive;psychology;can;help;us;understand;a;wide;range;of;activities;that;depend;on;someone‘s;a
bility;to;remember.
c. Memory;is;not;very;important.
d. The;disruption;caused;by;brain;damage;depends;on;how;widespread;the;damage;is,;and;not;on;the;sp
ecific;sites;that;are;damaged.
ANS:; ; B DIF: Moderate REF: The;Scope;of;Cognitive;Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients;suffering;from;clinical;amnesia;are;characterized;by
a. memory;dysfunction. c. inarticulate;speech.
b. an;inability;to;recognize;patterns. d. impaired;language;comprehension.
ANS:; A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia;and;Memory;Loss;OBJ: 1.2 MSC:;Remembering
8. The;term;―introspection‖;refers;to;the
a. process;by;which;one;individual;seeks;to;infer;the;thoughts;of;another;individual.
b. procedure;of;examining;thought;processing;by;monitoring;the;brain‘s;electrical;activity.
, .
c. process;of;each;person;looking;within,;to;observe;his;or;her;own;thoughts;and;ideas.
d. technique;of;studying;thought;by;interpreting;the;symbols;used;in;communication.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Remembering
9. A;participant;is;asked;to;look;within;himself;or;herself;and;report;on;his;or;her;own;mental;processes.;This;method
is;called
a. logical;inference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Remembering
10. Of;the;following,;introspection;is;LEAST;useful;for;studying
a. topics;that;are;strongly;colored;by;emotion.
b. mental;events;that;are;unconscious.
c. processes;that;involve;conceptual;knowledge.
d. events;that;take;a;long;time;to;unfold.
ANS:; B DIF: Moderate REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Understanding
11. Which;of;the;following;statements;about;introspection;is;FALSE?
a. It;is;the;only;way;to;observe;conscious;events;directly.
b. It;is;subjective.
c. It;provides;strong;evidence;for;hypothesis-testing.
d. It;was;a;technique;used;historically;to;study;cognition.
ANS:; C DIF: Moderate REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Understanding
12. Genie;wonders;why;she;can;never;remember;the;names;of;new;acquaintances.;In;search;of;an;answer,;she;examines;an
d;reflects;on;her;feelings;about;meeting;new;people.;Genie;is;engaged;in;which;process?
a. practical;rehearsal c. learning;history;analysis
b. introspection d. goal;retrieval
ANS:; B DIF: Moderate REF:
The;Limits;of;Introspection;OBJ: 1.3 MSC:;Applying
13. Introspection;was;employed;as;a;research;tool;in;the;late;1800s;because
a. it;was;regarded;as;the;only;way;to;observe;the;mind‘s;contents;directly.
b. it;provided;data;from;individuals;without;any;specialized;training.
c. conscious;events;are;just;as;important;as;unconscious;events.
