FOCM Exam 1 Neural Tube Defects & Embryonic Folding
Anomalies & Teratology QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Based on the process of neurulation, where are the locations of most neural tube defects? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Cranial and lumbar regions
neural tube forms from _____ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ectoderm
last portions of the neural tube to finish neurulation are: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the cranial and
caudal ends
If the cranial neuropore remains open during development, which anomaly will result? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Anencephaly
What happens if the cranial neuropore remains open? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-if the cranial
neuropore remains open, the brain will be underdeveloped, exposed, continuous with the skin
anencephaly (exencephaly, cranioschisis) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-incomplete development of the
cranial neural tube, resulting in a brain that is an undifferentiated and exposed mass
-exposed with surface
-continuous w/ skin
-underdeveloped brain
Myeloschisis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-incomplete development of the caudal neural tube,
resulting lumbar spinal cord that is undifferentiated and exposed
inionschisis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-failure of the neural tube to fuse near the occipital region
-rare
-cranial dos not fuse
, that after the neural tube breaks from the surface ectoderm, the ______ from somites migrates around
the neural tube and notochord to form the ______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sclerotome; vertebra
what could fail if you have delayed/late neurulation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅vertebral arches that
may fail to form if something (late neurulation) disrupts this process
If the caudal neuropore closes, but not in a timely fashion, disrupting the vertebral arches, which
anomaly will result? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Spina bifica occulta
-Meningocele
-Meningomyelocele
spina bifida occulta - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-open vertebral arch
-normal defect
-spinous processes bifib and are open
-assumptomatic
-usually one open vertebral arch, no clinical sequelae
meningocele, - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-only meninges protrude through defect, rare
neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates through defect, causing damage to neural components
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅meningomyelocele,
neural tube continuous with skin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅myeloschisis
only meninges protrude through defect, rare - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅meningocele
meningomyelocele - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates
through defect, causing damage to neural components
-open vertebral arches through which the dura and spinal cord protrude
Anomalies & Teratology QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Based on the process of neurulation, where are the locations of most neural tube defects? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Cranial and lumbar regions
neural tube forms from _____ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ectoderm
last portions of the neural tube to finish neurulation are: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the cranial and
caudal ends
If the cranial neuropore remains open during development, which anomaly will result? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Anencephaly
What happens if the cranial neuropore remains open? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-if the cranial
neuropore remains open, the brain will be underdeveloped, exposed, continuous with the skin
anencephaly (exencephaly, cranioschisis) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-incomplete development of the
cranial neural tube, resulting in a brain that is an undifferentiated and exposed mass
-exposed with surface
-continuous w/ skin
-underdeveloped brain
Myeloschisis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-incomplete development of the caudal neural tube,
resulting lumbar spinal cord that is undifferentiated and exposed
inionschisis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-failure of the neural tube to fuse near the occipital region
-rare
-cranial dos not fuse
, that after the neural tube breaks from the surface ectoderm, the ______ from somites migrates around
the neural tube and notochord to form the ______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sclerotome; vertebra
what could fail if you have delayed/late neurulation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅vertebral arches that
may fail to form if something (late neurulation) disrupts this process
If the caudal neuropore closes, but not in a timely fashion, disrupting the vertebral arches, which
anomaly will result? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Spina bifica occulta
-Meningocele
-Meningomyelocele
spina bifida occulta - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-open vertebral arch
-normal defect
-spinous processes bifib and are open
-assumptomatic
-usually one open vertebral arch, no clinical sequelae
meningocele, - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-only meninges protrude through defect, rare
neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates through defect, causing damage to neural components
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅meningomyelocele,
neural tube continuous with skin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅myeloschisis
only meninges protrude through defect, rare - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅meningocele
meningomyelocele - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates
through defect, causing damage to neural components
-open vertebral arches through which the dura and spinal cord protrude
