Pearson Edexcel International
A+ Graded Paper
COPD & Respiratory Final Exam -Score
an A+ with Confidence – 100% Verified
Q&A for Success
Questions and Mark scheme
Version: Final
, What is COPD? - ✔✔chronic lung disease characterized by the permanent loss of elastic recoil of the lungs,
alveolar damage, airflow limitation, chronic inflammation, and changes to the pulmonary vasculature
What are the risk factors for COPD? - ✔✔-chronic smoking
-asthma & increased responsiveness to allergens, antioxidant deficiency, TB
-environmental (coal/grain dust) (20%)
-Alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency (AATD)
What should all patients with COPD be screened for at least once? - ✔✔Alpha-1 anti- trypsin deficiency
(AATD)
What are the symptoms of COPD? - ✔✔Barrell chest, wheezing, tachypnea, productive cough with alot of
sputum, dyspnea, accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing, weight loss,
-Pulmonary hypertension (cor pulmonale) may develop in later stages
What are the objective findings of COPD? - ✔✔-increased AP diameter
-expiratory wheezing, rhonchi, coarse crackles
-CXR: flattened diaphragms w/ hyperinflation (bullae sometimes present)
-hyperresonance on percussion
-decreased tactile fremitis, and egophony
-post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7 (lung function 70%)
How is COPD diagnosed? - ✔✔Spirometry (post bronchodilator- FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%), chest xray
(flattened diaphragm with hyperinflation, sometimes air pockets (bullae), enlarged lungs, longer heart), and
pulse oximetry
What is the management of COPD? - ✔✔-Group A (less symptomatic pts @ low risk of exacerbation): LABA
(preferred) or SABA
-
What is the causative agent for Pertussis? - ✔✔Bordetella pertussis (gram negative)
What are the symptomatic phases of Pertussis? - ✔✔· Symptomatic phases:
-Catarrhal: rhinorrhea, fever, sneezing, mild cough (1-2 weeks)
-Paroxysmal: severe cough with inspiratory whoop, emesis (postussive vomiting) (2-3 weeks)
-Convalescent: symptom resolution (several weeks)
What are the symptoms of Pertussis? - ✔✔intermittent cough that becomes more severe with inspiratory
whoop, may be followed by postussive vomiting, cough is worse at night, lasts for 2-6wks or longer, infants
may have mild cough followed by vomiting
How is pertussis diagnosed? - ✔✔nasopharyngeal swab
How is pertussis treated? - ✔✔Azithromycin for pts who present within 3 weeks of cough onset. Isolation until
completed 5 days of ABX
A+ Graded Paper
COPD & Respiratory Final Exam -Score
an A+ with Confidence – 100% Verified
Q&A for Success
Questions and Mark scheme
Version: Final
, What is COPD? - ✔✔chronic lung disease characterized by the permanent loss of elastic recoil of the lungs,
alveolar damage, airflow limitation, chronic inflammation, and changes to the pulmonary vasculature
What are the risk factors for COPD? - ✔✔-chronic smoking
-asthma & increased responsiveness to allergens, antioxidant deficiency, TB
-environmental (coal/grain dust) (20%)
-Alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency (AATD)
What should all patients with COPD be screened for at least once? - ✔✔Alpha-1 anti- trypsin deficiency
(AATD)
What are the symptoms of COPD? - ✔✔Barrell chest, wheezing, tachypnea, productive cough with alot of
sputum, dyspnea, accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing, weight loss,
-Pulmonary hypertension (cor pulmonale) may develop in later stages
What are the objective findings of COPD? - ✔✔-increased AP diameter
-expiratory wheezing, rhonchi, coarse crackles
-CXR: flattened diaphragms w/ hyperinflation (bullae sometimes present)
-hyperresonance on percussion
-decreased tactile fremitis, and egophony
-post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7 (lung function 70%)
How is COPD diagnosed? - ✔✔Spirometry (post bronchodilator- FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%), chest xray
(flattened diaphragm with hyperinflation, sometimes air pockets (bullae), enlarged lungs, longer heart), and
pulse oximetry
What is the management of COPD? - ✔✔-Group A (less symptomatic pts @ low risk of exacerbation): LABA
(preferred) or SABA
-
What is the causative agent for Pertussis? - ✔✔Bordetella pertussis (gram negative)
What are the symptomatic phases of Pertussis? - ✔✔· Symptomatic phases:
-Catarrhal: rhinorrhea, fever, sneezing, mild cough (1-2 weeks)
-Paroxysmal: severe cough with inspiratory whoop, emesis (postussive vomiting) (2-3 weeks)
-Convalescent: symptom resolution (several weeks)
What are the symptoms of Pertussis? - ✔✔intermittent cough that becomes more severe with inspiratory
whoop, may be followed by postussive vomiting, cough is worse at night, lasts for 2-6wks or longer, infants
may have mild cough followed by vomiting
How is pertussis diagnosed? - ✔✔nasopharyngeal swab
How is pertussis treated? - ✔✔Azithromycin for pts who present within 3 weeks of cough onset. Isolation until
completed 5 days of ABX
