GI Laboratory and Diagnostic
Examinations
Upper Gastrointestinal Study (UGI) - ANSWERconsists of a series of radiographs of the lower esophagus,
stomach, and duodenum, using barium sulfate as the contrast medium. A UGI series detects any abnormal
conditions of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, any tumors, or other ulcerative lesions.
___________will be light in color until all the barium is expelled (up to 72 hours after the test). Eventual
absorption of fecal water may cause a hardened barium impaction. - ANSWERFeces
The patient should be instructed to increase his fluid intake in order to help in expelling the _________, thus
preventing constipation or blockage - ANSWERbarium
Tube Gastric Analysis - ANSWERThe stomach contents are aspirated to determine the amount of acid
produced by the parietal cells in the stomach. The analysis helps determine the completeness of a vagotomy,
confirm hypersecretion or achlorhydria (an abnormal condition characterized by the absence of hydrochloric
acid in the gastric juice), estimate acid secretory capacity, or test for intrinsic factor.
For a Tube Gastric analysis t patient should receive no _______________ medications for 24 hours before the
test and should maintain NPO status after midnight to avoid altering the rate of gastric acid secretion -
ANSWERanticholinergic
The patient should also be instructed that smoking is prohibited before the test because nicotine
_____________ the flow of gastric secretions. - ANSWERstimulates
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - ANSWERAn EGD visualizes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for
routine screening. The endoscopist can also remove polyps, coagulate sources of active GI bleeding, and
perform sclerotherapy (injection of a solution into the vein causing it to shrink and eventually disappear) of
esophageal varices. Areas of narrowing can be dilated by the endoscope itself or by passing a dilator through
the scope.,
In an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) The patient should maintain NPO status after midnight prior to the
test, and an _________ _________ form must be signed. - ANSWERinformed consent
, In an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) The patient is usually given a preprocedure intravenous (IV)
sedative such as _____________, and the patient's pharynx is anesthetized by spraying it with lidocaine
hydrochloride (Xylocaine). - ANSWERmidazolam (Versed)
In an EGD, Following the procedure the patient will not be allowed to eat or drink until the _______
__________ _________, which is usually soon after the procedure and can be assessed by placing a tongue
blade to the back of the pharynx. - ANSWERgag reflex returns
capsule endoscopy - ANSWERpatient swallows a capsule (approximately the size of a large vitamin) containing
a camera that provides endoscopic evaluation of the GI tract. It is commonly used to visualize the small
intestine and diagnose diseases such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and malabsorption syndrome.
In capsule endoscopy, NPO for approximately ___ hours prior to the test and should not smoke for 24 hours
prior to the test. The patient swallows the video capsule and is usually kept NPO until 4 to 6 hours later. The
procedure is comfortable for most patients. Eight hours after swallowing the capsule, the patient returns to
have the monitoring device removed. Peristalsis causes passage of the disposable capsule with a bowel
movement, usually in 2 to 3 days. The pill camera does not need to be _______________. - ANSWER10;
retrieved
Barium Swallow and Gastrografin Studies - ANSWERA barium swallow study allows a clearer view of the
esophagus than that provided by most UGI examinations; this is because the esophageal movements don't
show up well on x-rays. When the patient swallows barium, however, the outline of the esophagus is quite
clear.
_________________ is a product used in place of barium for patients who are susceptible to bleeding from
the GI tract and who are being considered for surgery. ______________ is water soluble and rapidly absorbed,
so it is preferable when a perforation is suspected; it is absorbed by the surrounding tissue in contrast to
baruim. - ANSWERGastrografin (diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium); Gastrografin
Esophageal Function Studies (Bernstein Test) - ANSWERan acid perfusion test, is an attempt to reproduce the
symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. It helps differentiate esophageal pain caused by esophageal reflux from
that caused by angina pectoris.
-----If the patient suffers pain with the instillation of hydrochloric acid into the esophagus, the test is positive
and indicates reflux esophagiti--------------
Examinations
Upper Gastrointestinal Study (UGI) - ANSWERconsists of a series of radiographs of the lower esophagus,
stomach, and duodenum, using barium sulfate as the contrast medium. A UGI series detects any abnormal
conditions of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, any tumors, or other ulcerative lesions.
___________will be light in color until all the barium is expelled (up to 72 hours after the test). Eventual
absorption of fecal water may cause a hardened barium impaction. - ANSWERFeces
The patient should be instructed to increase his fluid intake in order to help in expelling the _________, thus
preventing constipation or blockage - ANSWERbarium
Tube Gastric Analysis - ANSWERThe stomach contents are aspirated to determine the amount of acid
produced by the parietal cells in the stomach. The analysis helps determine the completeness of a vagotomy,
confirm hypersecretion or achlorhydria (an abnormal condition characterized by the absence of hydrochloric
acid in the gastric juice), estimate acid secretory capacity, or test for intrinsic factor.
For a Tube Gastric analysis t patient should receive no _______________ medications for 24 hours before the
test and should maintain NPO status after midnight to avoid altering the rate of gastric acid secretion -
ANSWERanticholinergic
The patient should also be instructed that smoking is prohibited before the test because nicotine
_____________ the flow of gastric secretions. - ANSWERstimulates
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - ANSWERAn EGD visualizes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for
routine screening. The endoscopist can also remove polyps, coagulate sources of active GI bleeding, and
perform sclerotherapy (injection of a solution into the vein causing it to shrink and eventually disappear) of
esophageal varices. Areas of narrowing can be dilated by the endoscope itself or by passing a dilator through
the scope.,
In an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) The patient should maintain NPO status after midnight prior to the
test, and an _________ _________ form must be signed. - ANSWERinformed consent
, In an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) The patient is usually given a preprocedure intravenous (IV)
sedative such as _____________, and the patient's pharynx is anesthetized by spraying it with lidocaine
hydrochloride (Xylocaine). - ANSWERmidazolam (Versed)
In an EGD, Following the procedure the patient will not be allowed to eat or drink until the _______
__________ _________, which is usually soon after the procedure and can be assessed by placing a tongue
blade to the back of the pharynx. - ANSWERgag reflex returns
capsule endoscopy - ANSWERpatient swallows a capsule (approximately the size of a large vitamin) containing
a camera that provides endoscopic evaluation of the GI tract. It is commonly used to visualize the small
intestine and diagnose diseases such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and malabsorption syndrome.
In capsule endoscopy, NPO for approximately ___ hours prior to the test and should not smoke for 24 hours
prior to the test. The patient swallows the video capsule and is usually kept NPO until 4 to 6 hours later. The
procedure is comfortable for most patients. Eight hours after swallowing the capsule, the patient returns to
have the monitoring device removed. Peristalsis causes passage of the disposable capsule with a bowel
movement, usually in 2 to 3 days. The pill camera does not need to be _______________. - ANSWER10;
retrieved
Barium Swallow and Gastrografin Studies - ANSWERA barium swallow study allows a clearer view of the
esophagus than that provided by most UGI examinations; this is because the esophageal movements don't
show up well on x-rays. When the patient swallows barium, however, the outline of the esophagus is quite
clear.
_________________ is a product used in place of barium for patients who are susceptible to bleeding from
the GI tract and who are being considered for surgery. ______________ is water soluble and rapidly absorbed,
so it is preferable when a perforation is suspected; it is absorbed by the surrounding tissue in contrast to
baruim. - ANSWERGastrografin (diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium); Gastrografin
Esophageal Function Studies (Bernstein Test) - ANSWERan acid perfusion test, is an attempt to reproduce the
symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. It helps differentiate esophageal pain caused by esophageal reflux from
that caused by angina pectoris.
-----If the patient suffers pain with the instillation of hydrochloric acid into the esophagus, the test is positive
and indicates reflux esophagiti--------------
