MICR 290 EXAM 6 QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Physical methods
Example: bunsen burner
Chemical methods
Example: bleach, chemical spray
Biological methods
Example: antibiotics
Gamma radiation
High-energy ionizing radiation used to sterilize medical equipment; penetrates well but requires
hours to kill microbes.
Heat sterilization
Form of killing microbes; example: autoclaving.
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents that are naturally produced by an organism; chemical substances that
inhibit or kill bacteria.
UV radiation
Also known as nonionizing radiation; kills by damaging DNA & RNA by affecting bonding
relationships within the molecule.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule that carries genetic information.
Types of UV radiation
UV-A, B, C; UV-C is most effective in killing microbes.
, Endospores
Environmentally resistant structure produced by the transformation of a vegetative cell of the
gram-positive genera Bacillus or Clostridium.
Catalase
Enzyme produced by bacteria; converts H₂O₂ into H₂O & O₂ gas.
Thymine base dimers
DNA damage caused by UV light, leading to mutations.
Autoclaving
Method of heat sterilization; pressure applied to boiling water prevents steam from escaping.
Epidemic
Unusually high number of infections in a population at the same time.
Endemic
Constantly present in low numbers in a population.
Pandemic
Worldwide epidemic.
Outbreak
Sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease.
Hand washing
Most effective way to reduce nosocomial infections; can get rid of transient pathogenic flora.
Penicillin
Produced by the mold Penicillium chrysogenum; first antibiotic discovered, effective against
certain bacteria.
Fungi
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Physical methods
Example: bunsen burner
Chemical methods
Example: bleach, chemical spray
Biological methods
Example: antibiotics
Gamma radiation
High-energy ionizing radiation used to sterilize medical equipment; penetrates well but requires
hours to kill microbes.
Heat sterilization
Form of killing microbes; example: autoclaving.
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents that are naturally produced by an organism; chemical substances that
inhibit or kill bacteria.
UV radiation
Also known as nonionizing radiation; kills by damaging DNA & RNA by affecting bonding
relationships within the molecule.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule that carries genetic information.
Types of UV radiation
UV-A, B, C; UV-C is most effective in killing microbes.
, Endospores
Environmentally resistant structure produced by the transformation of a vegetative cell of the
gram-positive genera Bacillus or Clostridium.
Catalase
Enzyme produced by bacteria; converts H₂O₂ into H₂O & O₂ gas.
Thymine base dimers
DNA damage caused by UV light, leading to mutations.
Autoclaving
Method of heat sterilization; pressure applied to boiling water prevents steam from escaping.
Epidemic
Unusually high number of infections in a population at the same time.
Endemic
Constantly present in low numbers in a population.
Pandemic
Worldwide epidemic.
Outbreak
Sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease.
Hand washing
Most effective way to reduce nosocomial infections; can get rid of transient pathogenic flora.
Penicillin
Produced by the mold Penicillium chrysogenum; first antibiotic discovered, effective against
certain bacteria.
Fungi
