GNRS515 - Advanced Pathophysiology -
Exam #1 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
T/F: Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not
hyperplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER True
T/F: Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation. - CORRECT
ANSWER False
T/F: Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together. - CORRECT ANSWER False
T/F: A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal
columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.
The man is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
T/F: Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B. Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
,A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
C. Hormonal anaplasia
D. Hormonal dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B. Hormonal Hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A. They divide
B. They increase in size
C. They increase in number
D. They undergo metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B. They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an
example of hormonal:
A. Hyperplasia.
B. Dysplasia.
C. Hypertrophy
D. Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER A. Hyperplasia
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
A. Dysplasia.
B. Pathologic dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER D. Pathologic Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells.
, A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Compensatory dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER C. Compensatory Hyperplasia
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level have on
cells?
A. Cells shrink because of the influx of Ca
B. Cells shrink because of the influx of KCl
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
D. Cells swell because of the influx of NO - CORRECT ANSWER C. Cells swell
because of the influx of NaCl
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis.
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
C. Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium
D. Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - CORRECT
ANSWER B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?
A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis
B. Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production
C. Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell
D. Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton -
CORRECT ANSWER A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs,
halting DNA synthesis
Exam #1 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
T/F: Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not
hyperplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER True
T/F: Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation. - CORRECT
ANSWER False
T/F: Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together. - CORRECT ANSWER False
T/F: A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal
columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.
The man is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
T/F: Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B. Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
,A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
C. Hormonal anaplasia
D. Hormonal dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B. Hormonal Hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A. They divide
B. They increase in size
C. They increase in number
D. They undergo metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B. They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an
example of hormonal:
A. Hyperplasia.
B. Dysplasia.
C. Hypertrophy
D. Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER A. Hyperplasia
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
A. Dysplasia.
B. Pathologic dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER D. Pathologic Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells.
, A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Compensatory dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER C. Compensatory Hyperplasia
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level have on
cells?
A. Cells shrink because of the influx of Ca
B. Cells shrink because of the influx of KCl
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
D. Cells swell because of the influx of NO - CORRECT ANSWER C. Cells swell
because of the influx of NaCl
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis.
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
C. Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium
D. Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - CORRECT
ANSWER B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?
A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis
B. Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production
C. Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell
D. Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton -
CORRECT ANSWER A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs,
halting DNA synthesis
