MNO2602
ASSIGNMENT 4 SEMESTER 1 2025
UNIQUE NO.
DUE DATE: MAY 2025
, MNO2602 Assignment 4 – Semester 1, 2025
Question 1 [16 Marks]
1.1 Differentiate Between Random and Nonrandom Variation in a Process
(6 marks)
Random variation (also known as common cause variation) refers to the natural and
unavoidable fluctuations that occur in a process over time. These variations are the
result of numerous small, consistent factors that are inherent to the process. They fall
within predictable control limits and are typically not cause for concern.
Examples include:
Minor differences in material quality
Small temperature shifts
Natural human differences in performance
Nonrandom variation (also referred to as assignable cause variation), on the other
hand, arises from specific, identifiable sources that are not usually part of the process.
These variations often signal a problem or change that requires investigation. They
typically appear as points outside the control limits or unusual patterns in the data.
Examples include:
Equipment failure
Use of low-quality raw materials
Inadequately trained staff
Main difference: Random variation is inherent and generally acceptable within control
limits, whereas nonrandom variation indicates a problem in the process that must be
addressed.
ASSIGNMENT 4 SEMESTER 1 2025
UNIQUE NO.
DUE DATE: MAY 2025
, MNO2602 Assignment 4 – Semester 1, 2025
Question 1 [16 Marks]
1.1 Differentiate Between Random and Nonrandom Variation in a Process
(6 marks)
Random variation (also known as common cause variation) refers to the natural and
unavoidable fluctuations that occur in a process over time. These variations are the
result of numerous small, consistent factors that are inherent to the process. They fall
within predictable control limits and are typically not cause for concern.
Examples include:
Minor differences in material quality
Small temperature shifts
Natural human differences in performance
Nonrandom variation (also referred to as assignable cause variation), on the other
hand, arises from specific, identifiable sources that are not usually part of the process.
These variations often signal a problem or change that requires investigation. They
typically appear as points outside the control limits or unusual patterns in the data.
Examples include:
Equipment failure
Use of low-quality raw materials
Inadequately trained staff
Main difference: Random variation is inherent and generally acceptable within control
limits, whereas nonrandom variation indicates a problem in the process that must be
addressed.
