Structural Engineering Questions & Detailed Answers Fully Solved

Structural Engineering Questions & Detailed Answers Fully Solved Horizontal Control - answersThis is commonly identified as primary, secondary and working control on the jobsite. Batching - answersThe process of proportioning the cement, water, aggregates and additives prior to mixing concrete. Pile - answersIt is nothing more than a column driven into the soil to support a structure by transferring building loads to a deeper and stronger layer of soil or rock. Transverse cracks - answersCracks approximately at right angles to the pavement centerline, caused by shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt concrete or reflective cracks. Screeding - answersTo level a floor or layer of concrete with a straight edge using a back-and-forth motion while moving across the surface. Raveling - answersWearing way of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregate particles and binder, usually a result of insufficient asphalt binder in the mix or stripping of asphalt from particles of aggregate. Batching - answersThe most important process to prepare concrete. Slump test - answersA test to determine the relative consistency of concrete. Specifications - answersThese are written instructions detailing how the facility is to be constructed. Curing - answersA construction operation that protects concrete so that moisture is not lost during the early stages of hardening, keeping it at a temperature that promotes hydration. Safe design - answersWhich of the following are the concept of safe design for construction? I. The design of the structure to be built. II. The subsystem to be included in the structure (electrical, mechanical, plumbing, etc.) III. The equipment involved in building the structure. IV. The on-site facilities such as man lifts, elevators, concrete batch plants and rock crushing/gravel processing or asphalt plants. V. The manpower of the structure. A. All of the above B. III, IV & V C. I, II, III & IV D. I, III, IV & V Shrinkage - answersIt occurs as concrete hardens, being greater in wet mixes. Curing helps to limit effects and therefore concrete in the actual structure should be thoroughly and continuously moistened for some considerable period after placing. Prime coat - answersThe single initial application of bituminous material to an existing bituminous, Portland concrete, or block surface or base. B. mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical - answersThe sound creaks and groans that one hears inside the building are in fact materials response to external stimuli such as heart, wind and gravity loads. These stimuli fall into four categories. What are these major properties that exhibited by materials? A. temperature, thermal, conductivity and ductility B. mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical C. ionic bonding, metallic bonding covalent bonding and secondary bonding D. atoms, ions, electron and molecules C. I, II, III, IV - answersCompacting applies energy to soil to consolidate it by compressing air voids to increase the soil's dry density. Which of these are the objectives of proper compacting? I. Minimize settling II. Increases the soil's load bearing characteristics III. Increases soil stability IV. Reduces water penetration V. Protects slope that will drain water away A. I, III, IV, V B. II, III, IV, V C. I, II, III, IV D. all of these Formworks - answersthe form or mold used in building construction to hold concrete before it sets. damping - answersa measure of a material's ability to dissipate or deaden mechanical vibrations. D. All of the above - answersThe safe capacity of piles driven by powered hammers is based on the following data: I. Average penetration per blow, last six blows II. Energy of hammer III. Weight of hammer IV. Weight of pile, including appurtenances V. Coefficient of restitution depending on the weight of piles A. II, III, IV only B. I, II, III only C. I, II, IV and V only D. All of the above Contract - answersa formal or legally binding agreement between two parties. Turnover of a project - answersIt occurs after the completion of construction and the resolution of the majority of punch list and commissioning issues. specifications - answersprovides the detailed requirements for the materials, equipment, and workmanship to be incorporated into the project. Plate line capacity - answersthe bucket volume contained within the bucket when the following outline of the bucket sides. Screeding - answersto level a floor or layer of concrete with a straight edge using a back and forth motion while moving across the surface. Fatigue resistance - answersa measure of a material's ability to withstand cyclic (repeated) stresses. Piles - answersa column driven into the soil to support a structure by transferring building loads to a deeper and stronger layer of soil or rock. D. All of the above - answersA project can be any series of activity and task that: I. Have a specific objective to be completed within certain specifications. II. Have definite start and end dates. III. Monitored project planning IV. Have following limits (if applicable) V. Consume resources (i.e., money, people, equipment) A. I, II, and IV only B. II only C. III only D. All of the above B. unforeseen conditions - answersWhich of the following will not cause a contract change? A. a change in the owner requirements B. unforeseen conditions C. Design error D. Poor jobsite productivity A. All of the above - answersWhich of these structural properties are key part of structural material selection process for harbor and coastal construction? I. Specific gravity II. Material strength III. Resistance to cyclical impact loading IV. Resistance to seismic forces V. Material flexibility VI. Structural size A. All of the above B. V only C. II and IV only D. I only Grade Resistance - answersThe components of a vehicle's weight that act parallel to an inclined surface. Trafficability - answersThe ability of a soil to support the weight of vehicles under repeated traffic. Loadability - answersA measure of the difficulty in excavating and loading a soil. Concrete - answersAny material consisting of a mixture of aggregates, such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, fastened together by cement. Hardness - answersA measure of a material's ability to resist indentation or penetration. Consolidation - answersAn increase in soil density of cohesive soil resulting from the expulsion of water from the soil void spaces. A. Bleeding-Screeding-Leveling-Edging-Jointing-Floating-Troweling-Broom finishing - answersWhich of the following is the correct step by step process of finishing standard weight concrete slabs in chronological order? A. Bleeding-Screeding-Leveling-Edging-Jointing-Floating-Troweling-Broom finishing B. Bleeding-Broom-finishing-Leveling-Edging-Jointing-Floating-Troweling-Screeding C. Screeding-Broom-finishing-Leveling-Edging-Jointing-Floating-Troweling- Bleeding. D. Edging-Broom-finishing-Leveling-Jointing- Screeding -Floating-Troweling- Bleeding Grouting - answersThe process of injecting any agent into soil or rock to increase its strength or stability, protect foundations or reduce ground water. Leveling - answersThe process of bringing a concrete surface to true grade with enough mortar to produce the desired finish. Jointing - answersThe placement of pre-molded inserts in a concrete slab to control cracking due to shrinkage. Slipping - answersWhen the path traveled along the road surface is more than the circumferential movement of the wheels due to rotation. A. all of the above - answersWhich of these structural properties are key part of structural material selection process for harbor and coastal construction? I. Specific gravity II. Material strength III. Resistance to cyclical impact loading IV. Resistance to seismic forces V. Material flexibility VI. Structural size A. all of the above B. V only C. II and IV only D. I only Material Flexibility - answersThe ability of a material to bend without breaking. Specific Gravity - answersA measure of the density of a material compared to the density of water. Ductility - answersThe ability of a material to deform under tensile stress. Toughness - answersThe ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. Resilience - answersThe ability of a material to absorb energy when deformed and release that energy upon unloading. Durability - answersThe ability of a material to withstand wear, pressure, or damage. Occupancy - answersThe type of use of a building for interior space, grouped based on life-safety characteristics, fire hazards, and combustible contents. B. The retarder should be as near as possible to the warm side of the insulation or warm face of assembly and the retarder should installed by a method suitable for the specific condensation hazard. - answersWhich of the following are the fundamental principles that should be observed in the application of upper retarders? A. The retarder should be installed on the cold side of the insulation to maximize cooling. B. The retarder should be as near as possible to the warm side of the insulation or warm face of assembly and the retarder should installed by a method suitable for the specific condensation hazard. C. The retarder can be made from any available material deration for its moisture resistance. D. Installation of the retarder is optional, as it does not affect condensation issues significantly. Joint Sealant - answersA rubber of rubberlike composition used to fill and seal joints or openings. Epoxy - answersA functional powder coating for appliances that increases resistance to corrosion and wear. Competency Standards - answersIndustry-determined specifications of performance describing the skills, knowledge, and attitudes required by a worker. C. I, II, III, IV, V - answersOperating cost is the sum of those expenses a contractor experiences by working on equipment on a project. I. Repair cost II. Cost of replacing high wear parts III. Fuels and lubricants IV. Tire cost V. Operator/Labor cost A. I, II, III B. I, II, IV C. I, II, III, IV, V D. I, II, III, V, VI B. Gypsum - answersWhich of the following acts as a retarder of concrete? A. Lime B. Gypsum C. Calcium Chloride D. Sodium Silicate B. 15 - answersWhich of the following is the minimum thickness of one layer of compacted granular sub-base. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25 Specifications - answersDetailed requirements for materials, equipment, and workmanship to be incorporated into a project. Plans - answersDrawings usually accompanied by notes of various aspects or components of the design. B. providing smaller diameter bars more in number - answersIn the design of a reinforced concrete beam the requirement for bond is not getting satisfied. The economical option to satisfy the requirement for bond is by A. bundling of bars B. providing smaller diameter bars more in number C. providing larger diameter bars less in number D. providing same diameter bars more in number C. Cleanup Time - answersAn "iceberg" demonstrates the relationship between direct and indirect costs of accidents in which, on the average, the indirect costs exceed the direct costs. The following are examples of an indirect cost except: A. Overhead costs B. Medical costs C. Cleanup time D. Schedule delays Occupancy - answersThis refers to the type of use of a building for interior space such as an office, a restaurant, a private residence, or a school. Uses of such are grouped based on similar life-safety characteristics, fire hazards, and combustible contents. Paint - answersA coating material used for protection and decoration of surfaces. Plans - answersThis refers to drawing; usually accompanied by notes, of various aspects or components of the design. Estimates - answersIt includes cost estimates for various parts of the project and are used to evaluate the acceptability of bids and the financial feasibility of the project. 14 days - answersThe number of days final curing for a concrete cement pavement is done for: Expansion Joint - answersJoints placed in concrete pavements, which are usually placed transversely, at regular intervals, to provide adequate expansion space for the slab to expand when the pavement is subjected to an increase in temperature. Contraction Joint - answersJoints placed in concrete pavements, which are usually placed transversely at regular intervals across the width of the pavement to release some of the tensile stresses that are due to a decrease in temperature. Construction Joint - answersJoints placed in concrete pavements, which are usually placed transversely across the pavement width to provide suitable transition between concrete placed at different times or on different days. Transverse Joint - answersJoints, placed in concrete pavements at right angles to the center line of the pavement. Bleeding - answersGenerally, the dry materials used in making quality concrete are heavier than water. Thus, shortly after placement, they have a tendency to settle to the bottom and displace the mixing water to the surface. Screeding - answersThe surface of newly placed concrete is struck off by moving a straightedge back and forth with a saw-like motion across the top of the forms. Leveling - answersThe bringing of a concrete surface to true grade with enough mortar to produce the desired finish. Jointing - answersImmediately following or during edging, pre-molded inserts are placed in concrete slabs to control cracking in the concrete as a result of shrinkage. Temperature - answersWhen inside the building, one may notice unusual sounds and change in the building. What causes these events? Placing - answersIt is the movement of plastic concrete into its final position (usually within forms). Floating - answersIn general, may be done when the water sheen has disappeared and the concrete will support the weight of the finisher. Troweling - answersThis is done on slabs that are to be left exposed or to receive thin finishes, such as resilient flooring, carpet, tile or paint. Bill of Materials - answersA comprehensive list of parts, items, assemblies, subassemblies, intermediate assemblies, documents, drawings, and other materials required to create a product. Bill of Quantities - answersA list of materials and services required to perform a project. The list includes materials, labor, and quantities of each. Project Contract - answersA formal agreement between parties outlining the terms of a project. Transverse Cracking - answersCracks approximately at right angles to the pavement centerline, caused by shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt concrete. Longitudinal Cracking - answersCracks approximately parallel to the pavement centerline, caused by poorly constructed construction points and shrinkage of asphalt concrete surface. Raveling - answersWearing away of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregated particles, usually due to insufficient asphalt binder in the mix. Bleeding or Flushing - answersThe extruding of bitumen onto the pavement surface, causing a reduction in skid resistance, generally caused by excessive amounts of asphalt in the mix. Faulting - answersElevation differences between adjacent slabs at transverse joints, usually the result of pumping. Blowups - answersLocalized upward buckling and shattering of the slabs at transverse joints or cracks. Alligator Cracking - answersA series of interconnected or interlaced cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading. Block Cracking - answersCracks forming large interconnected polygons, usually with sharp corners, caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt. Lifting - answersThe process where prepared for lifting a load is tied up with sling and other connecting devices. Rigging - answersThe process of preparing a load for lifting with a machine. Demolition - answersComplete or partial dismantling of a building or structure by pre-planned and controlled methods. Slipform paver - answersA machine capable of spreading, consolidating, and finishing a concrete slab without the use of conventional forms. Dragline - answersA versatile machine with the longest reach for digging and dumping of any member of the crane shovel family. Excavator - answersA machine used for digging and moving large amounts of earth. Backhoe - answersA type of excavating equipment that consists of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. Spalling - answersThe breaking away of surface material from a concrete structure. Drap Track Raveling - answersProgressive disintegration of the surface caused by dripping of gasoline or oil from vehicles. Joint or crack spalling - answersWearing away of the pavement surface at joints or cracks. Flushing - answersThe process where excess asphalt rises to the surface of the pavement. Blending - answersThe mixing of different materials to achieve a desired consistency or property. Water line capacity - answersAssumes a level of material flush with the lowest edge of the bucket. Struck Capacity - answersThe bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush with the bucket sides. Fixed time - answersIt represents those components of cycle time other than travel time. Variable time - answersThis represents the travel time required for a unit to haul material to the unloading site and return Ground Modification - answersThe process of giving natural soils enough abrasive resistance and shear strength to accommodate design loads is called. Scaling - answersIt is the breaking away of hardened concrete surface of a slab to a depth of about 1.6 to 4.8 mm. Crazing - answersIt is the occurrence of numerous fine hair cracks in the surface of a newly hardened slab to surface shrinkage. Dusting - answersAppearance of powdery material on the surface of newly hardened concrete Slab. Leveling - answersBringing of a concrete surface to true grade with enough mortar to produce the desired finish. Screeding - answersThe surface of newly placed concrete is struck off by moving a straightedge back and forth with a sawlike motion across screeds. Troweling - answersIs done on slabs that are to be left exposed or to receive thin finishes, such as resilient flooring, carpet, tile or paint. Compression - answersThe process of increasing the density of a soil by mechanically forcing the soil particles closer together, thereby expelling air from the void spaces in the soil. Consolidation - answersAn increase in soil density of a cohesive soil resulting from the expulsion of water from the soil's void spaces. Compaction - answersAn increase in soil density of a cohesive soil resulting from the expulsion of water from the soil's void spaces. Surcharging - answersPlacing additional weight on the soil surface, has long been used to densify cohesive soils. Dynamic Compaction - answersInvolves dropping a heavy weight from a crane onto the ground surface to achieve soil densification. Vibroflotation - answersThe process of densifying cohesionless soils by inserting vibratory probe into the soil. C. I, II, and III - answersWorkers in an excavation be protected from cave-ins by one of the following methods: I. Sloping or benching of the sides of the excavation. II. Supporting the sides excavation by shoring. of the III. Placing a shield between workers and the sides of the excavation. IV. Drying soil to prevent collapsing. A. All of the above B. I, II, and IV C. I, II, and III D. II, III, and IV Balancing - answersIn highway construction, the process of cutting down high spots and filling in low spots of each roadway layer.