NURS 6201 Final questions with verified answers
#1 Priority with bleeding varices Ans✓✓✓ **airway ---> intubation
may be necessary and difficult
2 IVs
IV fluid and blood getting in
*may need emergency surgery to stop bleeding
Acute and chronic pancreatitis Dx Ans✓✓✓ elevated amylase and
lipase
*may see increased blood glucose as well, more with chronic
Acute pancreatitis
What is it? Ans✓✓✓ acute inflammation of pancreas caused by
problems in biliary tract or alcoholism
risk factors: smoking or high lipids
Acute pancreatitis Fluid/electrolyte balance
*electrolyte imbalances monitor? Ans✓✓✓ IV fluids - blood
transfusions (hemorrhagic pancreatitis)
Blood glucose monitoring - insulin
K, Ca, Mg
,Acute pancreatitis S/S Ans✓✓✓ abdominal p! in LUQ (mild to severe)
N/V, increase WBC, tachycardic, hypotensive, jaundice
Acute pancreatitis Tx
Which interventions are priority? Ans✓✓✓ *FIRST: pain management
and fluid/electrolyte balance to prevent shock !
NPO, ng tube, TPN, antibiotics
Ascites
What is it? Cause? S/S? Tx? Ans✓✓✓ accumulation of serous fluid in
the peritoneal cavity - compresses organs (causes n/v, anorexia, diff
breathing); common complication r/t portal HTN
s/s: abdominal distention, wt gain, firm abdomen
tx: diuretics, low Na diet, paracentesis
(palliative intervention) in some cases
long term tx: placing a shunt - reroute some of fluid from abdomen to
vena cava to promote into venous circulation to decrease fluid in
peritoneal cavity
Atelectasis
, Cause? Manifestations? Ans✓✓✓ *obstruction of small airways w/
secretions
cause: pneumonia, bedridden, post op
manifestations: dyspnea, crackles, decreased or absent sound
Atelectasis
Tx? Ans✓✓✓ tx: treat cause, incentive spirometer, coughing and deep
breathing, ambulate
Can a patient be prescribed lactulose before dx of hepatic
encephalopathy? Why or why not? Ans✓✓✓ YES.
lactulose can be common treatment for pt with cirrhosis to help
prevent hepatic encephalopathy but many non-compliant w/ med since
main side effect is diarrhea; if pt is prescribed this, compliance is
extremely important
Carpal spasm is result of Ans✓✓✓ hypocalcemia
Causes of cirrhosis Ans✓✓✓ *alcoholic cirrhosis: associated w/ alcohol
abuse
#1 Priority with bleeding varices Ans✓✓✓ **airway ---> intubation
may be necessary and difficult
2 IVs
IV fluid and blood getting in
*may need emergency surgery to stop bleeding
Acute and chronic pancreatitis Dx Ans✓✓✓ elevated amylase and
lipase
*may see increased blood glucose as well, more with chronic
Acute pancreatitis
What is it? Ans✓✓✓ acute inflammation of pancreas caused by
problems in biliary tract or alcoholism
risk factors: smoking or high lipids
Acute pancreatitis Fluid/electrolyte balance
*electrolyte imbalances monitor? Ans✓✓✓ IV fluids - blood
transfusions (hemorrhagic pancreatitis)
Blood glucose monitoring - insulin
K, Ca, Mg
,Acute pancreatitis S/S Ans✓✓✓ abdominal p! in LUQ (mild to severe)
N/V, increase WBC, tachycardic, hypotensive, jaundice
Acute pancreatitis Tx
Which interventions are priority? Ans✓✓✓ *FIRST: pain management
and fluid/electrolyte balance to prevent shock !
NPO, ng tube, TPN, antibiotics
Ascites
What is it? Cause? S/S? Tx? Ans✓✓✓ accumulation of serous fluid in
the peritoneal cavity - compresses organs (causes n/v, anorexia, diff
breathing); common complication r/t portal HTN
s/s: abdominal distention, wt gain, firm abdomen
tx: diuretics, low Na diet, paracentesis
(palliative intervention) in some cases
long term tx: placing a shunt - reroute some of fluid from abdomen to
vena cava to promote into venous circulation to decrease fluid in
peritoneal cavity
Atelectasis
, Cause? Manifestations? Ans✓✓✓ *obstruction of small airways w/
secretions
cause: pneumonia, bedridden, post op
manifestations: dyspnea, crackles, decreased or absent sound
Atelectasis
Tx? Ans✓✓✓ tx: treat cause, incentive spirometer, coughing and deep
breathing, ambulate
Can a patient be prescribed lactulose before dx of hepatic
encephalopathy? Why or why not? Ans✓✓✓ YES.
lactulose can be common treatment for pt with cirrhosis to help
prevent hepatic encephalopathy but many non-compliant w/ med since
main side effect is diarrhea; if pt is prescribed this, compliance is
extremely important
Carpal spasm is result of Ans✓✓✓ hypocalcemia
Causes of cirrhosis Ans✓✓✓ *alcoholic cirrhosis: associated w/ alcohol
abuse
