Statistical Reasoning study
cards
For each stage in the multistage sampling plan of this study, identify the sampling technique
that was used:
The research foundation identifies 5 large companies that represent a broad cross-section of
patients, chooses 2 of the 5 at random, and gains access to the claims of all the companies'
patients.
1. cluster sampling
2. simple random sample
3. stratified sampling - ANSWER-1. cluster sampling
*two whole groups of patients (all the patients from two companies) were randomly
selected.
A city council has requested a household survey be conducted in a suburban area of their
city. The area is broken into many distinct and unique neighborhoods, some including large
homes, some with only apartments, and others a diverse mixture of housing structures.
Which approach would likely be the least effective?
1. Stratified sampling
2. Simple random sampling
3. Cluster sampling - ANSWER-3. cluster sampling
Two statistics students at UCLA conducted an energy efficiency survey of graduate student
apartments. There were seven university apartment buildings, and the students randomly
selected three to be included in the study. In each building, they randomly chose 25
apartments. What is the largest group of students that the study results represent?
1. All UCLA graduate student apartments.
2. All UCLA graduate student apartments in this group of seven buildings.
3. All UCLA graduate student apartments in the three sampled buildings.
4. All UCLA graduate student apartments that were sampled in the three buildings. -
ANSWER-2. All UCLA graduate student apartments in this group of seven buildings.
As part of a statistics project, Charlie would like to collect data on household size in his city.
To do so, he asks each person in his statistics class for the size of their household and reports
the results of a simple random sample. However, this is not a simple random sample. Why?
1. Charlie did not use any randomization; he took a convenience sample.
2. Charlie did not use a random number table to randomize the order in which he collected
the students' responses, so the sample cannot be random.
3. In this investigation of household size, each household represents a case. Charlie
incorrectly sampled individuals instead of households.
4. Both (1) and (3) are correct.
, 5. Answers (1), (2), and (3) are all correct. - ANSWER-4. Both (1) and (3) are correct.
The school district is considering whether it will no longer allow students to park at school
after two recent accidents where students were severely injured. As a first step, they survey
parents of high school students by mail, asking them whether or not the parents would
object to this policy change. Of 5,799 surveys that go out, 1,209 are returned. Of these 1,209
surveys that were completed, 926 agreed with the policy change and 283 disagreed. Which
of the following statements are true?
1. It is possible that 80% of the parents of high school students disagree with the policy
change.
2. The survey is unlikely to have any bias because all parents were mailed a survey.
3. The school district has strong support from parents to move forward with the policy
approval.
4. Because many surveys have return rates of between 30% and 50%, it is likely that some of
the mailings never reached the parents. - ANSWER-1. It is possible that 80% of the parents of
high school students disagree with the policy change.
If we collect information on students' study practices and exam scores and find strong
evidence of a positive association between not studying more than two hours and high
grades, when can we generalize this finding to the general population?
1. The students participated in the study after seeing signs about the survey posted around
campus. The signs were posted in every campus building, and so all students would see
these signs and have the opportunity to participate. Therefore, all students are represented.
2. The student participants come from the student population. Additionally, the students in
the study cannot have any misdemeanors, otherwise their answers could not be trusted.
3. There is at least one student from each year and ethnicity that is represented in the
general student body.
4. A student list for the college was obtained and students were randomly selected from the
list to participate. - ANSWER-4. A student list for the college was obtained and students were
randomly selected from the list to participate.
In a study, the data you collect is Number of traffic tickets.
This data is:
1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative - ANSWER-1. Quantitative
Determine whether the value 30% is a parameter or statistic:
30% of all vehicles sold are compact cars
1. Statistic
2. Parameter - ANSWER-2. Parameter
Determine if the quantity described below is a statistic or a parameter:
The proportion of female students that attended BMCC last year.
cards
For each stage in the multistage sampling plan of this study, identify the sampling technique
that was used:
The research foundation identifies 5 large companies that represent a broad cross-section of
patients, chooses 2 of the 5 at random, and gains access to the claims of all the companies'
patients.
1. cluster sampling
2. simple random sample
3. stratified sampling - ANSWER-1. cluster sampling
*two whole groups of patients (all the patients from two companies) were randomly
selected.
A city council has requested a household survey be conducted in a suburban area of their
city. The area is broken into many distinct and unique neighborhoods, some including large
homes, some with only apartments, and others a diverse mixture of housing structures.
Which approach would likely be the least effective?
1. Stratified sampling
2. Simple random sampling
3. Cluster sampling - ANSWER-3. cluster sampling
Two statistics students at UCLA conducted an energy efficiency survey of graduate student
apartments. There were seven university apartment buildings, and the students randomly
selected three to be included in the study. In each building, they randomly chose 25
apartments. What is the largest group of students that the study results represent?
1. All UCLA graduate student apartments.
2. All UCLA graduate student apartments in this group of seven buildings.
3. All UCLA graduate student apartments in the three sampled buildings.
4. All UCLA graduate student apartments that were sampled in the three buildings. -
ANSWER-2. All UCLA graduate student apartments in this group of seven buildings.
As part of a statistics project, Charlie would like to collect data on household size in his city.
To do so, he asks each person in his statistics class for the size of their household and reports
the results of a simple random sample. However, this is not a simple random sample. Why?
1. Charlie did not use any randomization; he took a convenience sample.
2. Charlie did not use a random number table to randomize the order in which he collected
the students' responses, so the sample cannot be random.
3. In this investigation of household size, each household represents a case. Charlie
incorrectly sampled individuals instead of households.
4. Both (1) and (3) are correct.
, 5. Answers (1), (2), and (3) are all correct. - ANSWER-4. Both (1) and (3) are correct.
The school district is considering whether it will no longer allow students to park at school
after two recent accidents where students were severely injured. As a first step, they survey
parents of high school students by mail, asking them whether or not the parents would
object to this policy change. Of 5,799 surveys that go out, 1,209 are returned. Of these 1,209
surveys that were completed, 926 agreed with the policy change and 283 disagreed. Which
of the following statements are true?
1. It is possible that 80% of the parents of high school students disagree with the policy
change.
2. The survey is unlikely to have any bias because all parents were mailed a survey.
3. The school district has strong support from parents to move forward with the policy
approval.
4. Because many surveys have return rates of between 30% and 50%, it is likely that some of
the mailings never reached the parents. - ANSWER-1. It is possible that 80% of the parents of
high school students disagree with the policy change.
If we collect information on students' study practices and exam scores and find strong
evidence of a positive association between not studying more than two hours and high
grades, when can we generalize this finding to the general population?
1. The students participated in the study after seeing signs about the survey posted around
campus. The signs were posted in every campus building, and so all students would see
these signs and have the opportunity to participate. Therefore, all students are represented.
2. The student participants come from the student population. Additionally, the students in
the study cannot have any misdemeanors, otherwise their answers could not be trusted.
3. There is at least one student from each year and ethnicity that is represented in the
general student body.
4. A student list for the college was obtained and students were randomly selected from the
list to participate. - ANSWER-4. A student list for the college was obtained and students were
randomly selected from the list to participate.
In a study, the data you collect is Number of traffic tickets.
This data is:
1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative - ANSWER-1. Quantitative
Determine whether the value 30% is a parameter or statistic:
30% of all vehicles sold are compact cars
1. Statistic
2. Parameter - ANSWER-2. Parameter
Determine if the quantity described below is a statistic or a parameter:
The proportion of female students that attended BMCC last year.
