BIOS-251 EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
Whatw4wwayswdowyouwexaminewthewbody?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERSInspection,wPalpation,wAuscultationwandwPercussion
Inspectionw-wCORRECTwANSWERSSeeingwthewbody
Palpationw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowexaminewbywtouch
Auscultationw-wCORRECTwANSWERSListeningwwithwawstethoscope
Percussionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERStakingwhandswandwbeatingwoverwcertainwpartswofwbody
MedicalwImagingw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSmethodswofwviewingwthewinsidewofwthewbodywwithoutwsurgery, wi.e.wr
adiology
GrosswAnatomyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSStudywofwstructureswthatwcanwbewseenwwithwthewnakedweye
Histologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSthewstudywofwthewmicroscopicwstructurewofwtissues
Histopathologyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSmicroscopicwexaminationwofwtissueswforwsignswofwdisease
Cytologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSstudywofwstructurewandwfunctionwofwcells
Ultrastructurew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSfinewdetail,wdownwto wthewmolecularwlevel,wrevealedwbywthewelectro
nwmicroscope
SubdisciplineswofwPhysiologyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSneurophysiology, wendocrinology, wpathophysiology
Neurophysiologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSphysiologywofwthewnervouswsystem
Endocrinologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSstudywofwhormones
Pathophysiologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSmechanismswofwdisease
Hippocratesw-wCORRECTwANSWERSFatherwofwmedicine
ScientificwFactw-wCORRECTwANSWERSinformationwthatwcanwbewindependentlywverified
LawwofwNaturew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawgeneralizationwaboutwthewpredictablewwayswin wwhich wmatterwand
wenergywbehave
Theoryw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSexplanatorywstatementworwsetwofwstatementswderivedwfromwfacts,wl
awswandwconfirmedwhypotheses
Bipedalismw-wCORRECTwANSWERSthewabilitywtowwalkwuprightwonwtwowlegs
ThewHierarchywofwComplexityw-wCORRECTwANSWERSOrganwsystem-organs-tissues-
cells-organelles-molecules-atoms
situswinvertusw-wCORRECTwANSWERSheartwiswonwthewoppositewside
Organizationw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSlivingwthingswexhibit wawhigherwlevelwofworganizationwthanwnonliving
wthings
CellularwCompositionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSlivingwmatterwiswalwayswcompartmentalized wintowoneworwmorewcell
s
,Metabolismw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSinternalwchemicalwreactions;wthewsumwofwallwbiochemicalweventswt
hatwoccurwinwthewbody
Responsivenessw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSabilitywto wsensewandwreactwtowstimuliw(irritabilityworwexcitability)
Movementw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSof worganismwand/orwofwsubstanceswwithinwtheworganism
Characteristicswofwlifew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSorganization, wcellularwcomposition,wmetabolism,wresponsivenessw
andwmovement,whomeostasis,wdevelopment,wreproduction,wevolution
Homeostasisw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSthewabilitywtowdetectwchange,wactivatewmechanismswthatwopposewit
wandwtherebywmaintainwstablewinternalwconditions
PhysiologicalwVariationw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSSex,wage, wdiet,wweight,wphysical wactivity, wgeneticswandwenvironm
ent
FeedbackwLoopsw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSbiologicalwmechanismswwherewhomeostasiswiswmaintained
HomeostasiswinwBodywTemperaturew-wCORRECTwANSWERS-
Ifwtoowwarm,wvesselswdilatewinwthewskinwandwsweatingwbeginsw(heat-losingwmechanism)
-Ifwtoowcold,wvesselswinwthewskinwconstrictwandwshiveringwbeginsw(heat-gainingwmechanism)
NegativewFeedbackw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawmechanismwofwresponsewinwwhich wawstimuluswinitiateswreactions
wthatwreducewthewstimulus
Receptorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSstructurewthatwsenseswchangewinwthewbody
Integratingw(control)wCenterw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScontrolwcenterwthatwprocesseswthewsensorywinformation,w"makeswa
wdecision,"wandwdirectswthewresponse
Effectorw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScellworworgan wthatwcarrieswoutwthewfinalwcorrective wactionwtowrestor
ewhomeostasis
PositivewFeedbackw-wCORRECTwANSWERSSelf-
amplifyingwcyclewwherewthewfeedbackwloopwiswrepeated.wNormalwwaywofwproducingwrapidwc
hanges.wCanwsometimeswbewdangerous.wex.wchildbirth
Gradientw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawdifferencewinwchemicalwconcentration,wcharge,wtemperature,worw
pressurewbetweenwtwowpoints.wChemicalswflowwdownwconcentrationwgradients.wChargedwp
articleswflowwdownwelectricalwgradients.wHeatwflowswdownwthermalwgradients.
CTwScanw-wCORRECTwANSWERScomputedwtomographywscan
MRIw-wCORRECTwANSWERSmagneticwresonancewimaging
PETwscanw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawvisualwdisplaywofwbrainwactivitywthatwdetectswwhere wawradioactive
wformwofwglucosewgoeswwhile wthewbrain wperformswawgivenwtask
Sonographyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERShighwfrequencywsoundwwaveswechowbackwfromwinternalworgans
, Thewrelationshipwbetweenwfunctionwandwstructurew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSForm wcreateswfunction,wfunctionwpredictswform
Thewprimarywfunctionwofwredwbloodwcellsw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSTowtransportwvitalwgaseswtowandwfromwthewbodywtissues.wRed wbloo
dwcellswtransportwoxygenwtowthewtissueswandwcarbonwdioxidewfromwthewtissueswtowthewlungsw
sowthatwitwcanwbewexhaledwoutwofwthewbody.
Howwarewredwbloodwcellswunlikewotherwbodywcells?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERSAswtheywmaturewtheywlosewtheirwnucleuswandworganelles,wwhichwal
lowswroomwforwmorewhemoglobinwmoleculeswwhichwarewoxygenwbindingwproteins.
Whatwdowredwbloodwcellswdisplay?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERSViscoelasticity,wtheywhavewthewabilitywtowgo wbackwtowtheirworiginalw
shapewifwtheywbecomewdeformedwduewtowstress.wThiswallowswthemwtowbewablewtowflowwthrou
ghwnarrowwbloodwvessels.
Superiorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSStructurewthatwiswtowardwthewheadwofwthewbody
Howwmanywbodywcavitieswarewinwthewbody?w-wCORRECTwANSWERS4
Ventral/Dorsalw-wCORRECTwANSWERSfrontwandwback
anterior/posteriorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSTowardwthewventralwside
Towardwthewdorsalwside
Cephallicw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewheadworwsuperiorwend
Rostralw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewforeheadworwnose
Caudalw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewtailworwinferiorwend
Inferiorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSbelow
Medial/Lateralw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewmidline/awaywfromwthewmidline
Proximal/Distalw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScloserwtowpointwofwattachment/fartherwfromwpointwof wattachment
ipsilateral/contralateralw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSonwthewsamewsidewofwthewbody/oppositewsidewofwbody
Superficial/Deepw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScloserwtowbodywsurface/fartherwfromwbodywsurface
Axialw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSRepresentswcorewofwbody,wincludeswallwstructureswexceptwupperwa
ndwlowerwappendages
Appendicularw-wCORRECTwANSWERSupperwandwlowerwlimbs
AxialwRegionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSCephalic,wCervicalw(neck),wThoracicw(chest),wAbdominalw(belly),w
Pelvicw(hip),wPubicw(groin)
AppendicularwRegionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSAxillaryw(underarm),wBrachialw(upperwarm),wAntecubitalw(frontwofwe
lbow),wAntebrachialw(forearm),wCarpalw(wrist),wPalmarw(palm),wPollexw(thumb),wDigital/Pha
langealw(fingers),wFemoralw(thigh),wPatellarw(anteriorwsurfacewofwthewknee),wCruralw(leg),wP
edalw(foot)
BodywCavitiesw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSspaceswwithinwthe wbodywthatwcontainwandwprotectwinternalworgans
Thewabdominopelvicwcavitywcanwbewdividedwintowhowwmanywquadrants?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERS4
CORRECT ANSWERS
Whatw4wwayswdowyouwexaminewthewbody?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERSInspection,wPalpation,wAuscultationwandwPercussion
Inspectionw-wCORRECTwANSWERSSeeingwthewbody
Palpationw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowexaminewbywtouch
Auscultationw-wCORRECTwANSWERSListeningwwithwawstethoscope
Percussionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERStakingwhandswandwbeatingwoverwcertainwpartswofwbody
MedicalwImagingw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSmethodswofwviewingwthewinsidewofwthewbodywwithoutwsurgery, wi.e.wr
adiology
GrosswAnatomyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSStudywofwstructureswthatwcanwbewseenwwithwthewnakedweye
Histologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSthewstudywofwthewmicroscopicwstructurewofwtissues
Histopathologyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSmicroscopicwexaminationwofwtissueswforwsignswofwdisease
Cytologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSstudywofwstructurewandwfunctionwofwcells
Ultrastructurew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSfinewdetail,wdownwto wthewmolecularwlevel,wrevealedwbywthewelectro
nwmicroscope
SubdisciplineswofwPhysiologyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSneurophysiology, wendocrinology, wpathophysiology
Neurophysiologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSphysiologywofwthewnervouswsystem
Endocrinologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSstudywofwhormones
Pathophysiologyw-wCORRECTwANSWERSmechanismswofwdisease
Hippocratesw-wCORRECTwANSWERSFatherwofwmedicine
ScientificwFactw-wCORRECTwANSWERSinformationwthatwcanwbewindependentlywverified
LawwofwNaturew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawgeneralizationwaboutwthewpredictablewwayswin wwhich wmatterwand
wenergywbehave
Theoryw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSexplanatorywstatementworwsetwofwstatementswderivedwfromwfacts,wl
awswandwconfirmedwhypotheses
Bipedalismw-wCORRECTwANSWERSthewabilitywtowwalkwuprightwonwtwowlegs
ThewHierarchywofwComplexityw-wCORRECTwANSWERSOrganwsystem-organs-tissues-
cells-organelles-molecules-atoms
situswinvertusw-wCORRECTwANSWERSheartwiswonwthewoppositewside
Organizationw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSlivingwthingswexhibit wawhigherwlevelwofworganizationwthanwnonliving
wthings
CellularwCompositionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSlivingwmatterwiswalwayswcompartmentalized wintowoneworwmorewcell
s
,Metabolismw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSinternalwchemicalwreactions;wthewsumwofwallwbiochemicalweventswt
hatwoccurwinwthewbody
Responsivenessw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSabilitywto wsensewandwreactwtowstimuliw(irritabilityworwexcitability)
Movementw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSof worganismwand/orwofwsubstanceswwithinwtheworganism
Characteristicswofwlifew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSorganization, wcellularwcomposition,wmetabolism,wresponsivenessw
andwmovement,whomeostasis,wdevelopment,wreproduction,wevolution
Homeostasisw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSthewabilitywtowdetectwchange,wactivatewmechanismswthatwopposewit
wandwtherebywmaintainwstablewinternalwconditions
PhysiologicalwVariationw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSSex,wage, wdiet,wweight,wphysical wactivity, wgeneticswandwenvironm
ent
FeedbackwLoopsw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSbiologicalwmechanismswwherewhomeostasiswiswmaintained
HomeostasiswinwBodywTemperaturew-wCORRECTwANSWERS-
Ifwtoowwarm,wvesselswdilatewinwthewskinwandwsweatingwbeginsw(heat-losingwmechanism)
-Ifwtoowcold,wvesselswinwthewskinwconstrictwandwshiveringwbeginsw(heat-gainingwmechanism)
NegativewFeedbackw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawmechanismwofwresponsewinwwhich wawstimuluswinitiateswreactions
wthatwreducewthewstimulus
Receptorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSstructurewthatwsenseswchangewinwthewbody
Integratingw(control)wCenterw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScontrolwcenterwthatwprocesseswthewsensorywinformation,w"makeswa
wdecision,"wandwdirectswthewresponse
Effectorw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScellworworgan wthatwcarrieswoutwthewfinalwcorrective wactionwtowrestor
ewhomeostasis
PositivewFeedbackw-wCORRECTwANSWERSSelf-
amplifyingwcyclewwherewthewfeedbackwloopwiswrepeated.wNormalwwaywofwproducingwrapidwc
hanges.wCanwsometimeswbewdangerous.wex.wchildbirth
Gradientw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawdifferencewinwchemicalwconcentration,wcharge,wtemperature,worw
pressurewbetweenwtwowpoints.wChemicalswflowwdownwconcentrationwgradients.wChargedwp
articleswflowwdownwelectricalwgradients.wHeatwflowswdownwthermalwgradients.
CTwScanw-wCORRECTwANSWERScomputedwtomographywscan
MRIw-wCORRECTwANSWERSmagneticwresonancewimaging
PETwscanw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSawvisualwdisplaywofwbrainwactivitywthatwdetectswwhere wawradioactive
wformwofwglucosewgoeswwhile wthewbrain wperformswawgivenwtask
Sonographyw-
wCORRECTwANSWERShighwfrequencywsoundwwaveswechowbackwfromwinternalworgans
, Thewrelationshipwbetweenwfunctionwandwstructurew-
wCORRECTwANSWERSForm wcreateswfunction,wfunctionwpredictswform
Thewprimarywfunctionwofwredwbloodwcellsw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSTowtransportwvitalwgaseswtowandwfromwthewbodywtissues.wRed wbloo
dwcellswtransportwoxygenwtowthewtissueswandwcarbonwdioxidewfromwthewtissueswtowthewlungsw
sowthatwitwcanwbewexhaledwoutwofwthewbody.
Howwarewredwbloodwcellswunlikewotherwbodywcells?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERSAswtheywmaturewtheywlosewtheirwnucleuswandworganelles,wwhichwal
lowswroomwforwmorewhemoglobinwmoleculeswwhichwarewoxygenwbindingwproteins.
Whatwdowredwbloodwcellswdisplay?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERSViscoelasticity,wtheywhavewthewabilitywtowgo wbackwtowtheirworiginalw
shapewifwtheywbecomewdeformedwduewtowstress.wThiswallowswthemwtowbewablewtowflowwthrou
ghwnarrowwbloodwvessels.
Superiorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSStructurewthatwiswtowardwthewheadwofwthewbody
Howwmanywbodywcavitieswarewinwthewbody?w-wCORRECTwANSWERS4
Ventral/Dorsalw-wCORRECTwANSWERSfrontwandwback
anterior/posteriorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSTowardwthewventralwside
Towardwthewdorsalwside
Cephallicw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewheadworwsuperiorwend
Rostralw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewforeheadworwnose
Caudalw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewtailworwinferiorwend
Inferiorw-wCORRECTwANSWERSbelow
Medial/Lateralw-wCORRECTwANSWERStowardwthewmidline/awaywfromwthewmidline
Proximal/Distalw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScloserwtowpointwofwattachment/fartherwfromwpointwof wattachment
ipsilateral/contralateralw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSonwthewsamewsidewofwthewbody/oppositewsidewofwbody
Superficial/Deepw-
wCORRECTwANSWERScloserwtowbodywsurface/fartherwfromwbodywsurface
Axialw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSRepresentswcorewofwbody,wincludeswallwstructureswexceptwupperwa
ndwlowerwappendages
Appendicularw-wCORRECTwANSWERSupperwandwlowerwlimbs
AxialwRegionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSCephalic,wCervicalw(neck),wThoracicw(chest),wAbdominalw(belly),w
Pelvicw(hip),wPubicw(groin)
AppendicularwRegionw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSAxillaryw(underarm),wBrachialw(upperwarm),wAntecubitalw(frontwofwe
lbow),wAntebrachialw(forearm),wCarpalw(wrist),wPalmarw(palm),wPollexw(thumb),wDigital/Pha
langealw(fingers),wFemoralw(thigh),wPatellarw(anteriorwsurfacewofwthewknee),wCruralw(leg),wP
edalw(foot)
BodywCavitiesw-
wCORRECTwANSWERSspaceswwithinwthe wbodywthatwcontainwandwprotectwinternalworgans
Thewabdominopelvicwcavitywcanwbewdividedwintowhowwmanywquadrants?w-
wCORRECTwANSWERS4
