COMPREHENSIVE EXAM DPT YEAR 1 EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅high frequency SOUND WAVES used diagnostically
and therapeutically
How is ultrasound used in therapeutic medicine? (PT) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅provides heat to
soft tissue because it operates with min increase in superficial temperature
also has nonthermal effects due to mechanical energy
True or false ultrasound is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum and uses acoustic energy -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
What are the different types of ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Thermal
2. Non-thermal
3. Phonphoresis
4. LIPUS
Phonophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅delivers medicines to subcutaneous tissues
LIPUS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Low intensity pulsed output
promotes fracture healing and bone growth simulation
Effective Radiating Area (ERA) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the area of the crystal that actually
produces sound waves
part of US head SA that does something
,True or false ERA is always smaller than the transducer face? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
ERA Considerations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2-3 times ERA for an effective reaction area (2-3 times
size of soundhead)
Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅measure of consistency and quality of
the crystal (amount of variation in the beam)
What does a beam nonuniformity ratio of 6:1 indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ratio of spatial
peak intensity to spatial average intensity
Modes of Application: Continuous Ultrasound - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CONSTANT
THERMAL
Heats 3-6cm deep
Modes of application: Pulsed Ultrasound - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅INTERRUPTED
NONTHERMAL
10-20% DUTY CYCLE "ON"
Output Frequency Ultrasound:
1 MHz - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅penetrates 3-6cm
thermal effects last longer
more divergent beam
Output Frequency Ultrasound:
3MHz - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅penetrates 1-2 cm
heats 3 times FASTER
More collimated beam
,This sentence describes biophysical effects of thermal or nonthermal ultrasound:
"Changes within the tissues as a direct result of the ultrasound's elevation of tissue temperature" -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Thermal
Why would we want nonthermal effects of ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. acute injuries
2. when we don't want to increase tissue temperature
3. wound healing
What settings indicate nonthermal treatment of ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Pulsed
output 20%, 25%, 50% duty cycle
2. continuous output on a LOW intensity (<0.3W/cm2)
True or false you should move the ultrasound head as fast as possible - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅False, faster movements = decreased effects
but keeping it still can cause burning
Ultrasound Indications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Pain control
2. Increase collagen extensibility
3. Tissue healing
4. Bone healing
True or false you should place tissue on stretch or stretch immediately after ultrasound treatment -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅true stretching window only lasts 3 mins following treatment
Ultrasound Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- malignancy
- pregnancy (over LB or ab)
- joint cement
, - CNS tissue
- plastic components
- pacemaker or implant
- thrombophlebitis
- eyes, genitalia, heart
- hemophilia
- decreased sensation
Iontophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅electrical repulsion of ions using direct current
must know the polarity of ion/drug to be used and have good conductivity
Iontophoresis parameters - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Intensity: 3 to 5 mA
Time: up to 25 mins
Dose: typically 40 mA-min (up to 80)
Iontophoresis Uses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Delivers medication to tissues to treat:
acute/chronic inflammation
arthritis
myositis ossificans
myofascial pain syndrome
delivering local anesthetics
hyperhidrosis
True or false:
acetic acid, calcium chloride and dexamethasone are all negative polarity medications for iontophoresis
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
Contraindications of Ionto - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- across or over chest
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅high frequency SOUND WAVES used diagnostically
and therapeutically
How is ultrasound used in therapeutic medicine? (PT) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅provides heat to
soft tissue because it operates with min increase in superficial temperature
also has nonthermal effects due to mechanical energy
True or false ultrasound is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum and uses acoustic energy -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
What are the different types of ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Thermal
2. Non-thermal
3. Phonphoresis
4. LIPUS
Phonophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅delivers medicines to subcutaneous tissues
LIPUS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Low intensity pulsed output
promotes fracture healing and bone growth simulation
Effective Radiating Area (ERA) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the area of the crystal that actually
produces sound waves
part of US head SA that does something
,True or false ERA is always smaller than the transducer face? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
ERA Considerations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2-3 times ERA for an effective reaction area (2-3 times
size of soundhead)
Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅measure of consistency and quality of
the crystal (amount of variation in the beam)
What does a beam nonuniformity ratio of 6:1 indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ratio of spatial
peak intensity to spatial average intensity
Modes of Application: Continuous Ultrasound - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CONSTANT
THERMAL
Heats 3-6cm deep
Modes of application: Pulsed Ultrasound - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅INTERRUPTED
NONTHERMAL
10-20% DUTY CYCLE "ON"
Output Frequency Ultrasound:
1 MHz - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅penetrates 3-6cm
thermal effects last longer
more divergent beam
Output Frequency Ultrasound:
3MHz - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅penetrates 1-2 cm
heats 3 times FASTER
More collimated beam
,This sentence describes biophysical effects of thermal or nonthermal ultrasound:
"Changes within the tissues as a direct result of the ultrasound's elevation of tissue temperature" -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Thermal
Why would we want nonthermal effects of ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. acute injuries
2. when we don't want to increase tissue temperature
3. wound healing
What settings indicate nonthermal treatment of ultrasound? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Pulsed
output 20%, 25%, 50% duty cycle
2. continuous output on a LOW intensity (<0.3W/cm2)
True or false you should move the ultrasound head as fast as possible - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅False, faster movements = decreased effects
but keeping it still can cause burning
Ultrasound Indications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Pain control
2. Increase collagen extensibility
3. Tissue healing
4. Bone healing
True or false you should place tissue on stretch or stretch immediately after ultrasound treatment -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅true stretching window only lasts 3 mins following treatment
Ultrasound Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- malignancy
- pregnancy (over LB or ab)
- joint cement
, - CNS tissue
- plastic components
- pacemaker or implant
- thrombophlebitis
- eyes, genitalia, heart
- hemophilia
- decreased sensation
Iontophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅electrical repulsion of ions using direct current
must know the polarity of ion/drug to be used and have good conductivity
Iontophoresis parameters - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Intensity: 3 to 5 mA
Time: up to 25 mins
Dose: typically 40 mA-min (up to 80)
Iontophoresis Uses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Delivers medication to tissues to treat:
acute/chronic inflammation
arthritis
myositis ossificans
myofascial pain syndrome
delivering local anesthetics
hyperhidrosis
True or false:
acetic acid, calcium chloride and dexamethasone are all negative polarity medications for iontophoresis
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
Contraindications of Ionto - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- across or over chest
