SLHS 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Graded A+
Transduction - Answers The change in sound energy from one form to another
Impedance mismatch in the ear - Answers 30 dB SPL loss at the oval window
Function of the middle ear - Answers Equalizes pressure
Resting potential of the scala media - Answers +80 mv
Transduction stages (earliest-latest) - Answers 1. Condensation/rarefaction of air molecules
2. In and out movement of the oval and round windows
3. Back and forth movements of stereocilia
4. Depolarization and hyperpolarization of hair cells
5. Phase locking
Best describe what happens when you stimulate the left ear with a loud enough sound to elicit the
acoustic reflex - Answers The activity includes in 8th nerve on the left ear and the 7th nerve on both ears
Best overcomes the loss of energy due to air-fluid impedance mismatch - Answers Areal ratio advantage
Function of the outer ear - Answers Increasing sound pressure in the mid to high frequencies due to
resonance
Best describes the basilar membrane - Answers Narrow and stiffer at the base than at the apex
Part of the hydromechanical stage of the transduction process - Answers Shearing of the stereocilia
What is similar to angular (rotational) acceleration? - Answers Turn head to the right
Which distortion product is most often measured clinically? - Answers 2f1-f2
The frequency theory of hearing would best be described as...? - Answers Using phase-locking in the
pattern of neural discharges below 5000 Hz
The primary role of the outer hair cells - Answers Increase the displacement of the basilar membrane
through their motility
VOR - Answers The vestibular pathway that allows one to maintain a clear visual image during head
rotation
T/F Intensity coding can be explained by an increase in the discharge rate of neurons around CF -
Answers False
T/F The saccule and utricle signal rotational (angular) head movements - Answers False
, T/F A problem for the place theory is the "case of the missing fundamental" - Answers True
T/F The tip links of the stereocilia open ion channels when they bend away from the modiolus, which
then allows K+ to enter the hair cell - Answers True
T/F The transfer function of the middle ear shows an increase in the sound pressure primarily in
frequencies before 3000 Hz - Answers True
Transduction process - Answers acoustic energy that enters the ear canal is converted to mechanical
energy in the middle ear and then to hydromechanical energy in the fluid-filled inner ear
Impedance mismatch (air to fluid) - Answers situation in which two systems have different impedances
so that there is an inefficient transfer of energy
e.g., vibrations in air are not efficiently transferred to fluid
Reciprocal (OW/RW) - Answers back and forth movements of the oval and round windows necessary for
vibrations to occur in the incomprehensible fluid-filled cochlea
an inward movement of the oval window corresponds to an outward movement of the round window
and vice versa
Areal ratio advantage - Answers one of the middle ear mechanical amplification methods due to the
larger size (area) of the tympanic membrane compared with the oval window
pressure at the oval window is about 25 dB greater than pressure at the tympanic membrane
Curved membrane advantage - Answers one of the middle ear mechanical amplification methods
resulting from the cone shape of the tympanic membrane, which tends to focus its movement in such a
way that it moves the malleus with more force than if the tympanic membrane was flat
about 6 dB increase in pressure at the oval window
Lever advantage - Answers one of the middle ear mechanical amplification methods that is due to the
fact that the manubrium of the malleus is longer than the long process of the incus in the ossicular chain
about 2 dB increase in pressure at the oval window
Resonance - Answers the property of a cavity that produces a maximum vibratory response at a
particular frequency that is dependent on its size and shape
Quarter-length resonator - Answers frequency calculation of tube closed at one end (like ear canal)
f = c/4L c = 343 L= length of tube
Transfer function (of the middle ear) - Answers experimental measurements that document changes in
pressure that occur between the tympanic membrane and the oval window membrane
Transduction - Answers The change in sound energy from one form to another
Impedance mismatch in the ear - Answers 30 dB SPL loss at the oval window
Function of the middle ear - Answers Equalizes pressure
Resting potential of the scala media - Answers +80 mv
Transduction stages (earliest-latest) - Answers 1. Condensation/rarefaction of air molecules
2. In and out movement of the oval and round windows
3. Back and forth movements of stereocilia
4. Depolarization and hyperpolarization of hair cells
5. Phase locking
Best describe what happens when you stimulate the left ear with a loud enough sound to elicit the
acoustic reflex - Answers The activity includes in 8th nerve on the left ear and the 7th nerve on both ears
Best overcomes the loss of energy due to air-fluid impedance mismatch - Answers Areal ratio advantage
Function of the outer ear - Answers Increasing sound pressure in the mid to high frequencies due to
resonance
Best describes the basilar membrane - Answers Narrow and stiffer at the base than at the apex
Part of the hydromechanical stage of the transduction process - Answers Shearing of the stereocilia
What is similar to angular (rotational) acceleration? - Answers Turn head to the right
Which distortion product is most often measured clinically? - Answers 2f1-f2
The frequency theory of hearing would best be described as...? - Answers Using phase-locking in the
pattern of neural discharges below 5000 Hz
The primary role of the outer hair cells - Answers Increase the displacement of the basilar membrane
through their motility
VOR - Answers The vestibular pathway that allows one to maintain a clear visual image during head
rotation
T/F Intensity coding can be explained by an increase in the discharge rate of neurons around CF -
Answers False
T/F The saccule and utricle signal rotational (angular) head movements - Answers False
, T/F A problem for the place theory is the "case of the missing fundamental" - Answers True
T/F The tip links of the stereocilia open ion channels when they bend away from the modiolus, which
then allows K+ to enter the hair cell - Answers True
T/F The transfer function of the middle ear shows an increase in the sound pressure primarily in
frequencies before 3000 Hz - Answers True
Transduction process - Answers acoustic energy that enters the ear canal is converted to mechanical
energy in the middle ear and then to hydromechanical energy in the fluid-filled inner ear
Impedance mismatch (air to fluid) - Answers situation in which two systems have different impedances
so that there is an inefficient transfer of energy
e.g., vibrations in air are not efficiently transferred to fluid
Reciprocal (OW/RW) - Answers back and forth movements of the oval and round windows necessary for
vibrations to occur in the incomprehensible fluid-filled cochlea
an inward movement of the oval window corresponds to an outward movement of the round window
and vice versa
Areal ratio advantage - Answers one of the middle ear mechanical amplification methods due to the
larger size (area) of the tympanic membrane compared with the oval window
pressure at the oval window is about 25 dB greater than pressure at the tympanic membrane
Curved membrane advantage - Answers one of the middle ear mechanical amplification methods
resulting from the cone shape of the tympanic membrane, which tends to focus its movement in such a
way that it moves the malleus with more force than if the tympanic membrane was flat
about 6 dB increase in pressure at the oval window
Lever advantage - Answers one of the middle ear mechanical amplification methods that is due to the
fact that the manubrium of the malleus is longer than the long process of the incus in the ossicular chain
about 2 dB increase in pressure at the oval window
Resonance - Answers the property of a cavity that produces a maximum vibratory response at a
particular frequency that is dependent on its size and shape
Quarter-length resonator - Answers frequency calculation of tube closed at one end (like ear canal)
f = c/4L c = 343 L= length of tube
Transfer function (of the middle ear) - Answers experimental measurements that document changes in
pressure that occur between the tympanic membrane and the oval window membrane
