NR 324 Final Exam 2025

Which organ is considered the "metabolic factory" of the body? - Correct Ans-Liver What enzyme is secreted in the mouth that starts to digestive carbohydrates immediately? - Correct Ans-Salivary amylase Which inflammatory bowel disease produces "skip" lesions? - Correct Ans-Crohn's disease During periods of hypoglycemia, what is secreted by the liver to raise sugar levels? - Correct Ans-Glycogen Which organ has endocrine (hormonal) and exocrine (digestive) functions? - Correct Ans-Pancreas Which organ absorbs vitamins, nutrients, meds and is involved in the immune system? - Correct Ans-Small intestine Which of the following describes occult blood? - Correct Ans-Microscopic blood in the stool Which of the following describes the dark tarry stool that accompanies an upper GI bleed? - Correct Ans-Melena What term refers to difficulty swallowing? - Correct Ans-Dysphagia Which of the following is not recommended for patients with dysphagia? - Correct Ans Straws What is caused by an incompetent LES, increased abd. pressure, or delayed gastric emptying - Correct Ans-Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) In peptic ulcer disease, what is broken down that causes the ulcers to occur? - Correct Ans-Mucosal barrier What is commonly found in the stomach that contributes to peptic ulcers? - Correct Ans H. pylori Which of the following is not a complication of peptic ulcers? - Correct Ans-Diarrhea Which medication is an infusion used for patients with an upper GI bleed? - Correct Ans-Ocreotide (Sandostatin) Which med class can inhibit lots of other meds & should be taken at least 1 hour before/after other meds? - Correct Ans-Antacids A patient is experiencing cholelithiasis, what type of jaundice are they at risk for? - Correct Ans-Posthepatic What assessment finding is positive in a patient with cholecystitis? - Correct Ans Murphy's sign What condition is caused by cirrhosis? - Correct Ans-Esophageal varices Which medication coats stomach lining and is used in patients with gastritis, GERD, and peptic ulcer disease? - Correct Ans-Sucralfate (Carafate) A client may have pancreatitis, which labs will the nurse (thats you!) check? (2 right answers) - Correct Ans-Amylase & lipase What is a serious complication of diverticular disease, pancreatitis, and appendicitis? - Correct Ans-Peritonitis Which condition is related to psychological distress and symptoms are relieved after a bowel movement? - Correct Ans-Irritable bowel syndrome Ulcerative colitis starts in the rectum and spreads to the _______ ________. - Correct Ans-Large intestine What is the treatment for an advanced ileus? - Correct Ans-Ileostomy/colostomy What EKG change will occur with complete occlusion of the coronary artery & is evidence of tissue injury? - Correct Ans-ST elevation A pt had a cardiac cath via the femoral artery, which assessment is most important? - Correct Ans-Dorsalis pedis pulse Which medication is useful in acute decompensated heart failure, but not mild heart failure? - Correct Ans-Morphine A clients heart rate is 28 bpm, atropine didn't work, what is the next treatment? - Correct Ans-Pacemaker What lab level will increase when a patient has heart failure? - Correct Ans-B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) How do calcium channel blockers work? - Correct Ans-Decrease cardiac contractility Which medication is safe to take with erectile dysfunction medications? - Correct Ans Metoprolol (Lopressor) A client has ascites, JVD, and peripheral edema. What sided heart failure are they experiencing? - Correct Ans-Right Which diagnostic tool is most helpful in measuring heart function in heart failure patients? - Correct Ans-Echocardiogram (ECHO) What electrolyte is most likely deficient in a patient with Torsades de Point? - Correct Ans-Magnesium A client had a heart stent after having an MI, what med MUST they be on to prevent occlusion of the stent? - Correct Ans-Anticoagulant (Plavix, Brilinta, etc.) A patients heart can't contract forcefully enough to expel blood out of the heart, what type of heart failure is this? - Correct Ans-Systolic Which condition causes cor pulmonale (right sided heart failure)? - Correct Ans Pulmonary hypertension Which medication is used to treatment dysrhythmias, but can caused a dangerous prolonged QT interval? - Correct Ans-Amiodarone Which dysrhythmia is defined by a heart rate 150 bpm & is treated with adenosine? - Correct Ans-Supraventricular tachycardia What medication treats symptomatic bradycardia? - Correct Ans-Atropine Which medication can help treat all dysrhythmias except for sinus brady & sinus tach? - Correct Ans-Amiodarone A client is experiencing ventricular fibrillation, what is the treatment? - Correct Ans Defibrillation Which dysrhythmia always requires defibrillation? - Correct Ans-Ventricular fibrillation When a patient is having premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) what do we assess first? - Correct Ans-SPO2 Which electrolyte imbalance can cause Torsades de Point? - Correct Ans-Magnesium Which rhythm requires an anticoagulant to prevent emboli? - Correct Ans-Atrial fibrillation Which rhythm involves abnormal P waves? - Correct Ans-Atrial fibrillation