BIO 3030: Final Exam Study Guide
☆Biogenesis: The theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells.
☆ Fermentation: The microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air.
☆ Microbial Ecology: The study of the relationship between microorganisms and their
environment.
☆Pasteurization: Reduces spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria.
☆In what processes are microorganisms used?
- Microorganisms are responsible for decomposing organic wastes in the soil, they generate
oxygen through photosynthesis, help to produce items such as ethanol, vitamins, acetone, and
they are responsible for the fermentation of foods (cheeses, vinegar.) Also, they help us to
understand causes and disease transmission, which in turn will help us to prevent an epidemic.
☆Fungi: Fungi are responsible for absorbing organic chemicals for energy.
*On final: What is special about Kingdom Fungi? - They absorb ORGANIC compounds*
☆Viruses: *On final: Which is not true of Viruses? They don't perform chemical Rxns *
☆Multicellular Animal Parasites: *On Final: What is not true of Animalia?: They are not
photosynthetic *
☆Robert Hooke: reported that life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or “cells.”
☆Anton van Leewenhoek: First to observe living microorganisms through a microscope.
☆Carolus Linnaeus: established the system of nomenclature (naming) for organisms.
, ☆ Joseph Lister: Lister used a chemical antiseptic (phenol) to prevent surgical wound
infections.
☆ Ignaz Semmelweis: Demonstrated that microbes are responsible for causing diseases
☆Alexander Fleming: Discovered the first antibiotic penicillin.
* On final: The word for Prokaryotic comes from the Greek word “prenucleus” and the word
eukaryotic comes from the Greek word meaning “true nucleus” *
*On Final: Prokaryotes are special in the fact that they don't have a distinct nucleus *
*On Final: True or False? Eukaryotes contain histones organelles and they divide by mitosis?
TRUE *
*On Final: True or False? Prokaryotes divide by binary fission ( only Prokaryotic bacterium)*
☆ Recombinant DNA refers to what process or function?
- Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a DNA molecule that is produced by combining DNA from two
different sources. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology inserts recombinant DNA into bacteria
(or other microbes) to make large quantities of a desired protein.
☆Ionic Bond: Formed when there is an attraction between ions of opposite charges, one atom
gains an electron(s) (negative) and the other atom loses an electron (s) (positive.)
*On Final: The attraction between a K+ ion and a I- ion is what kind of bond?: Ionic Bond *
*On Final: Which of these contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen?: Proteins *
*On Final: which of these contain an -NH2 group (amine)? : Amino Acids *
*What microscope can achieve the highest magnification and greatest resolution? *
- An electron microscope is able to achieve the highest magnification and greatest resolution.
*Which microscope is best for observing viruses?*
- The microscope that is best for observing viruses is a transmission electron microscope.
☆Biogenesis: The theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells.
☆ Fermentation: The microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air.
☆ Microbial Ecology: The study of the relationship between microorganisms and their
environment.
☆Pasteurization: Reduces spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria.
☆In what processes are microorganisms used?
- Microorganisms are responsible for decomposing organic wastes in the soil, they generate
oxygen through photosynthesis, help to produce items such as ethanol, vitamins, acetone, and
they are responsible for the fermentation of foods (cheeses, vinegar.) Also, they help us to
understand causes and disease transmission, which in turn will help us to prevent an epidemic.
☆Fungi: Fungi are responsible for absorbing organic chemicals for energy.
*On final: What is special about Kingdom Fungi? - They absorb ORGANIC compounds*
☆Viruses: *On final: Which is not true of Viruses? They don't perform chemical Rxns *
☆Multicellular Animal Parasites: *On Final: What is not true of Animalia?: They are not
photosynthetic *
☆Robert Hooke: reported that life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or “cells.”
☆Anton van Leewenhoek: First to observe living microorganisms through a microscope.
☆Carolus Linnaeus: established the system of nomenclature (naming) for organisms.
, ☆ Joseph Lister: Lister used a chemical antiseptic (phenol) to prevent surgical wound
infections.
☆ Ignaz Semmelweis: Demonstrated that microbes are responsible for causing diseases
☆Alexander Fleming: Discovered the first antibiotic penicillin.
* On final: The word for Prokaryotic comes from the Greek word “prenucleus” and the word
eukaryotic comes from the Greek word meaning “true nucleus” *
*On Final: Prokaryotes are special in the fact that they don't have a distinct nucleus *
*On Final: True or False? Eukaryotes contain histones organelles and they divide by mitosis?
TRUE *
*On Final: True or False? Prokaryotes divide by binary fission ( only Prokaryotic bacterium)*
☆ Recombinant DNA refers to what process or function?
- Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a DNA molecule that is produced by combining DNA from two
different sources. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology inserts recombinant DNA into bacteria
(or other microbes) to make large quantities of a desired protein.
☆Ionic Bond: Formed when there is an attraction between ions of opposite charges, one atom
gains an electron(s) (negative) and the other atom loses an electron (s) (positive.)
*On Final: The attraction between a K+ ion and a I- ion is what kind of bond?: Ionic Bond *
*On Final: Which of these contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen?: Proteins *
*On Final: which of these contain an -NH2 group (amine)? : Amino Acids *
*What microscope can achieve the highest magnification and greatest resolution? *
- An electron microscope is able to achieve the highest magnification and greatest resolution.
*Which microscope is best for observing viruses?*
- The microscope that is best for observing viruses is a transmission electron microscope.
