BIO 3030: Exam #2 Study Guide (Chapters 5-9)
Chapter 5
1. ☆ Activation Energy: The collision energy that is required for a chemical reaction to occur.
2. ☆Allosteric Inhibition☆: The process in which an enzyme’s activity is changed because of
binding to the Allosteric Site (site rather than that of the active site.) Renders the enzyme to be
nonfunctional, this can be reversed or irreversible.
* On Final: What two things happen due to Allosteric Inhibition? : Enzyme is nonfunctional, and
this process can be irreversible and reversible. *
3. Collision Theory: The principle that chemical reactions occur because energy is gained when
atoms, ions, or molecules collide.
4. Competitive Inhibitors: A chemical that competes with the normal substrate for the active site
of an enzyme.
5. ☆Metabolic Pathways: A sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell.
6. Noncompetitive Inhibitors: An inhibitory chemical that interacts with another part of the
enzyme (Allosteric Site) rather than the active site in an allosteric inhibition process.
7. ☆Oxidation: The removal of electrons from a molecule.
8. Reaction Rate: The frequency of collisions containing enough energy to bring about a
reaction. A reaction rate can be increased by enzymes or by increasing temperature, pressure, or
concentration
9. Reduction- Oxidation (Redox) Reaction: an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
10. Reduction: The adding/gaining of electrons to a molecule
1. How do you recognize an enzyme by name?
, - An enzyme can be identified by name because the names of enzymes usually end in -ase. Also,
enzymes within each major class are named according to the more specific types of reactions
they assist.
2. Find a graph discussed in class that illustrates the activity of an enzyme saturated with a
substrate.
3. What products are produced during the Krebs Cycle?
- The Krebs Cycle is a type of Aerobic Respiration (requires oxygen) in which pyruvic acid from
glycolysis loses CO₂ through decarboxylation and attaches to coenzyme A. This forms acetyl
CoA and NADH. Then, acetyl CoA is oxidized and produces NADH, FADH₂ , and ATP, and
liberates CO₂ as waste.
4. ☆What is the definition of fermentation?
- Fermentation is the enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor
is an organic molecule, small amounts of ATP are synthesized by substrate-level
phosphorylation, and O₂ is not required (anaerobic.)
5. What happens when you increase the temperature of a reaction?
- As the temperature increases during a reaction, the speed of the reaction increases. However, if
the temperature of a reaction is increased too much, the enzymes (proteins) involved in the
reaction can be denatured (the loss of the enzyme’s structure, declining the rate of the reaction.)
6. Cyanobacteria is a type of __classification for photosynthetic prokaryotes __
7. What is a Heterolactic Fermenter?
- Also referred to as “heterofermentative”; Organisms that produce lactic acid, various acids, or
alcohols are Heterolactic Fermenters.
8. Catabolic reactions are generally degradative and hydrolytic?
- This statement is True -
Chapter 6
Chapter 5
1. ☆ Activation Energy: The collision energy that is required for a chemical reaction to occur.
2. ☆Allosteric Inhibition☆: The process in which an enzyme’s activity is changed because of
binding to the Allosteric Site (site rather than that of the active site.) Renders the enzyme to be
nonfunctional, this can be reversed or irreversible.
* On Final: What two things happen due to Allosteric Inhibition? : Enzyme is nonfunctional, and
this process can be irreversible and reversible. *
3. Collision Theory: The principle that chemical reactions occur because energy is gained when
atoms, ions, or molecules collide.
4. Competitive Inhibitors: A chemical that competes with the normal substrate for the active site
of an enzyme.
5. ☆Metabolic Pathways: A sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell.
6. Noncompetitive Inhibitors: An inhibitory chemical that interacts with another part of the
enzyme (Allosteric Site) rather than the active site in an allosteric inhibition process.
7. ☆Oxidation: The removal of electrons from a molecule.
8. Reaction Rate: The frequency of collisions containing enough energy to bring about a
reaction. A reaction rate can be increased by enzymes or by increasing temperature, pressure, or
concentration
9. Reduction- Oxidation (Redox) Reaction: an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
10. Reduction: The adding/gaining of electrons to a molecule
1. How do you recognize an enzyme by name?
, - An enzyme can be identified by name because the names of enzymes usually end in -ase. Also,
enzymes within each major class are named according to the more specific types of reactions
they assist.
2. Find a graph discussed in class that illustrates the activity of an enzyme saturated with a
substrate.
3. What products are produced during the Krebs Cycle?
- The Krebs Cycle is a type of Aerobic Respiration (requires oxygen) in which pyruvic acid from
glycolysis loses CO₂ through decarboxylation and attaches to coenzyme A. This forms acetyl
CoA and NADH. Then, acetyl CoA is oxidized and produces NADH, FADH₂ , and ATP, and
liberates CO₂ as waste.
4. ☆What is the definition of fermentation?
- Fermentation is the enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor
is an organic molecule, small amounts of ATP are synthesized by substrate-level
phosphorylation, and O₂ is not required (anaerobic.)
5. What happens when you increase the temperature of a reaction?
- As the temperature increases during a reaction, the speed of the reaction increases. However, if
the temperature of a reaction is increased too much, the enzymes (proteins) involved in the
reaction can be denatured (the loss of the enzyme’s structure, declining the rate of the reaction.)
6. Cyanobacteria is a type of __classification for photosynthetic prokaryotes __
7. What is a Heterolactic Fermenter?
- Also referred to as “heterofermentative”; Organisms that produce lactic acid, various acids, or
alcohols are Heterolactic Fermenters.
8. Catabolic reactions are generally degradative and hydrolytic?
- This statement is True -
Chapter 6
