AP BIO FRQS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Depending on the organism, the optimal pH for enolase to catalyze its reaction is
between 6.5 and 8.0. Describe how a pH below or above this range is likely to affect
enolase and its catalytic ability. - Answer-The response indicates that a pH below or
above this range will most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be
less efficient or unable to catalyze the reaction.
Identify the appropriate negative control the researchers most likely used when
measuring the reaction rate in the presence of each organism's enolase. - Answer-The
response indicates that the appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate
(at the varying substrate concentrations) without any enzyme present.
The researchers predict that for any particular concentration of substrate, the C.
aurantiacus enolase-catalyzed reaction is more rapid at 55°C than at 37°C. Provide
reasoning to justify the researchers' prediction. - Answer-The response indicated that
the enolase has a more stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher
temperature of 55°C than at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is
adapted to growth at 55°C.
OPEN STAX QUESTIONS - Answer-
What are the characteristics shared by the natural sciences? - Answer-Natural science
are different fields of science that relates to the physical world and its phenomena and
processes.
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer-Observation, Question,
hypothesis that answers a question, Prediction based on the hypothesis, Do an
experiment to test the prediction, Analyze the results
Identify and describe the properties of life. - Answer-Organized structure, respond to
stimuli, reproduction, growth, regulation- nutrient transport, homeostasis- constant
internal conditions, energy Processing, adaptation, evolution.
Describe the levels of organization among living things. - Answer-Organelles, cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, the
biosphere.
How does atomic structure determine the properties of elements, molecules, and
matter? - Answer-An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical
properties of an element. The attraction between the positively charged protons and
negatively charged electrons holds the atom together. Most atoms contain all three of
these types of subatomic particles—protons, electrons, and neutrons.
, What are the differences among ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and
hydrogen bonds? - Answer-In an ionic bond, an atom gives away one or more electrons
to another atom. In a covalent bond, two atoms share one or more electrons. A
hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond between two oppositely charged sides of two
or more molecules.
How does the molecular structure of water result in unique properties of water that are
critical to maintaining life? - Answer-It is polar, allowing for the formation of hydrogen
bonds, which allow ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in water. ... The hydrogen
bonds between water molecules give water the ability to hold heat better than many
other substances.
What are the role of acids, bases, and buffers in dynamic homeostasis? - Answer-
Buffers readily absorb excess H+ or OH-, keeping the pH of the body carefully
maintained in the narrow range required for survival. ... The buffer maintaining the pH of
human blood involves carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and carbon
dioxide (CO2).
Why is carbon important for life? - Answer-Living things need carbon the most in order
to live, grow, and reproduce. Also, carbon is a finite resource that cycles through the
Earth in many forms. Also, carbon is so important to life because virtually all molecules
in the body contain carbon.
How do functional groups determine the properties of biological molecules? - Answer-
Functional groups are a set of commonly found groups of atoms covalently bonded to
carbon in organic molecules. The unique functional groups present on a biomolecule
determine reactivity, solubility, and other physical properties that lead to its biological
role in living organisms.
How are complex macromolecule polymers synthesized from monomers? - Answer-
Dehydration Synthesis.
What is the difference between dehydration (or condensation) and hydrolysis reactions?
- Answer-The difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is that in one,
bonds are being formed, while in the other bonds are being destroyed. Dehydration
synthesis bonds molecules together by removing water. In hydrolysis, water is added to
the molecules in order to dissolve those bonds.
What is the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals
and plants? - Answer-Carbohydrates are a group of macromolecules that are a vital
energy source for the cell and provide structural support to plant cells, fungi, and all of
the arthropods that include lobsters, crabs, shrimp, insects, and spiders.
SOLUTIONS
Depending on the organism, the optimal pH for enolase to catalyze its reaction is
between 6.5 and 8.0. Describe how a pH below or above this range is likely to affect
enolase and its catalytic ability. - Answer-The response indicates that a pH below or
above this range will most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be
less efficient or unable to catalyze the reaction.
Identify the appropriate negative control the researchers most likely used when
measuring the reaction rate in the presence of each organism's enolase. - Answer-The
response indicates that the appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate
(at the varying substrate concentrations) without any enzyme present.
The researchers predict that for any particular concentration of substrate, the C.
aurantiacus enolase-catalyzed reaction is more rapid at 55°C than at 37°C. Provide
reasoning to justify the researchers' prediction. - Answer-The response indicated that
the enolase has a more stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher
temperature of 55°C than at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is
adapted to growth at 55°C.
OPEN STAX QUESTIONS - Answer-
What are the characteristics shared by the natural sciences? - Answer-Natural science
are different fields of science that relates to the physical world and its phenomena and
processes.
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer-Observation, Question,
hypothesis that answers a question, Prediction based on the hypothesis, Do an
experiment to test the prediction, Analyze the results
Identify and describe the properties of life. - Answer-Organized structure, respond to
stimuli, reproduction, growth, regulation- nutrient transport, homeostasis- constant
internal conditions, energy Processing, adaptation, evolution.
Describe the levels of organization among living things. - Answer-Organelles, cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, the
biosphere.
How does atomic structure determine the properties of elements, molecules, and
matter? - Answer-An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical
properties of an element. The attraction between the positively charged protons and
negatively charged electrons holds the atom together. Most atoms contain all three of
these types of subatomic particles—protons, electrons, and neutrons.
, What are the differences among ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and
hydrogen bonds? - Answer-In an ionic bond, an atom gives away one or more electrons
to another atom. In a covalent bond, two atoms share one or more electrons. A
hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond between two oppositely charged sides of two
or more molecules.
How does the molecular structure of water result in unique properties of water that are
critical to maintaining life? - Answer-It is polar, allowing for the formation of hydrogen
bonds, which allow ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in water. ... The hydrogen
bonds between water molecules give water the ability to hold heat better than many
other substances.
What are the role of acids, bases, and buffers in dynamic homeostasis? - Answer-
Buffers readily absorb excess H+ or OH-, keeping the pH of the body carefully
maintained in the narrow range required for survival. ... The buffer maintaining the pH of
human blood involves carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and carbon
dioxide (CO2).
Why is carbon important for life? - Answer-Living things need carbon the most in order
to live, grow, and reproduce. Also, carbon is a finite resource that cycles through the
Earth in many forms. Also, carbon is so important to life because virtually all molecules
in the body contain carbon.
How do functional groups determine the properties of biological molecules? - Answer-
Functional groups are a set of commonly found groups of atoms covalently bonded to
carbon in organic molecules. The unique functional groups present on a biomolecule
determine reactivity, solubility, and other physical properties that lead to its biological
role in living organisms.
How are complex macromolecule polymers synthesized from monomers? - Answer-
Dehydration Synthesis.
What is the difference between dehydration (or condensation) and hydrolysis reactions?
- Answer-The difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is that in one,
bonds are being formed, while in the other bonds are being destroyed. Dehydration
synthesis bonds molecules together by removing water. In hydrolysis, water is added to
the molecules in order to dissolve those bonds.
What is the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals
and plants? - Answer-Carbohydrates are a group of macromolecules that are a vital
energy source for the cell and provide structural support to plant cells, fungi, and all of
the arthropods that include lobsters, crabs, shrimp, insects, and spiders.
