Biology 152 Exam 1 UW Madison Actual
study set with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
What is evolution? - ANSWER-decent with modification
Pattern change - ANSWER-Change recorded in anatomy, fossils, embryos, genomes, and distributions
Process change - ANSWER-Change consistency of observable and testable mechanisms
Population - ANSWER-is the unit of evolution
Aristotle - ANSWER-viewed species as fixed and arranged on a Scala Naturae
William Paley - ANSWER-Naturally occurring complex structures
Carolus Linnaeus - ANSWER-developed binomial nomenclature
James Hutton - ANSWER-Father of Geology, Uniformitarianism
Tomas Malthus - ANSWER-Overpopulation theory
Jean Leopold Nicolas Frederic Cuvier - ANSWER-Father of paleontology
mechanism for evolution - ANSWER-natural selection
inheritance of acquired characteristics - ANSWER-The hypothesis that organisms' bodies change during
their lifetimes by use and disuse and that these changes are inherited by their offspring
Charles Darwin - ANSWER-English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural
selection (1809-1882)
Sarawak Law - ANSWER-Every species has come into existence close to another species
Natural selection 4 parts - ANSWER-Variation, heredity, natural selection, differentiate reproduction
Darwin's "Great analogy" - ANSWER-Artificial selection
The mechanism of heredity - ANSWER-Genetics
Lineages - ANSWER-Splitting or speciation
biological species concept - ANSWER-Species is a group of populations whose members have the
potential to produce fertile offspring.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ANSWER-condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a
particular gene pool remain constant over time p+q=1 p^2+2pq+q^2=1
Assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg - ANSWER-1. No mutation
2. No migration
3. Random mating
, 4. No natural selection
5. Large population size
6. Random segregation of alleles
Testing Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWER-Chi^2= ((value obs-exp)^2/value exp), Obtain P value to
interpret results
Degrees of freedom - ANSWER-K=(n-1)
Higher Chi^2 value - ANSWER-more confidence in rejecting your null hypothesis
genetic drift - ANSWER-A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events
rather than natural selection.
Bottle neck - ANSWER-Form of genetic drift. A process in which a large population declines in number,
then rebounds
inbreeding depression - ANSWER-when individuals with similar genotypes - typically relatives - breed
with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce
The founder effect - ANSWER-change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small
subgroup of a population
Fitness - ANSWER-Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
relative fitness - ANSWER-The contribution of one genotype to the next generation compared to that of
alternative genotypes for the same locus.
absolute fitness - ANSWER-The ratio or the number of geno/phenotype after an episode of selection to
the number after
stabilizing selection - ANSWER-Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against
extreme phenotypes
disruptive selection - ANSWER-form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs
when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals
near the middle
directional selection - ANSWER-Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when
individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the
other end of the curve
Heritability - ANSWER-measure of how much of a trait's variation is explained by genetic factors. All
environment: (h^2)=0.0 All genetics: (h^2)=1.0
sexual selection - ANSWER-A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited
characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
Intrasexual - ANSWER-competition among males
Intersexual - ANSWER-female choice
study set with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
What is evolution? - ANSWER-decent with modification
Pattern change - ANSWER-Change recorded in anatomy, fossils, embryos, genomes, and distributions
Process change - ANSWER-Change consistency of observable and testable mechanisms
Population - ANSWER-is the unit of evolution
Aristotle - ANSWER-viewed species as fixed and arranged on a Scala Naturae
William Paley - ANSWER-Naturally occurring complex structures
Carolus Linnaeus - ANSWER-developed binomial nomenclature
James Hutton - ANSWER-Father of Geology, Uniformitarianism
Tomas Malthus - ANSWER-Overpopulation theory
Jean Leopold Nicolas Frederic Cuvier - ANSWER-Father of paleontology
mechanism for evolution - ANSWER-natural selection
inheritance of acquired characteristics - ANSWER-The hypothesis that organisms' bodies change during
their lifetimes by use and disuse and that these changes are inherited by their offspring
Charles Darwin - ANSWER-English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural
selection (1809-1882)
Sarawak Law - ANSWER-Every species has come into existence close to another species
Natural selection 4 parts - ANSWER-Variation, heredity, natural selection, differentiate reproduction
Darwin's "Great analogy" - ANSWER-Artificial selection
The mechanism of heredity - ANSWER-Genetics
Lineages - ANSWER-Splitting or speciation
biological species concept - ANSWER-Species is a group of populations whose members have the
potential to produce fertile offspring.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ANSWER-condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a
particular gene pool remain constant over time p+q=1 p^2+2pq+q^2=1
Assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg - ANSWER-1. No mutation
2. No migration
3. Random mating
, 4. No natural selection
5. Large population size
6. Random segregation of alleles
Testing Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWER-Chi^2= ((value obs-exp)^2/value exp), Obtain P value to
interpret results
Degrees of freedom - ANSWER-K=(n-1)
Higher Chi^2 value - ANSWER-more confidence in rejecting your null hypothesis
genetic drift - ANSWER-A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events
rather than natural selection.
Bottle neck - ANSWER-Form of genetic drift. A process in which a large population declines in number,
then rebounds
inbreeding depression - ANSWER-when individuals with similar genotypes - typically relatives - breed
with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce
The founder effect - ANSWER-change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small
subgroup of a population
Fitness - ANSWER-Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
relative fitness - ANSWER-The contribution of one genotype to the next generation compared to that of
alternative genotypes for the same locus.
absolute fitness - ANSWER-The ratio or the number of geno/phenotype after an episode of selection to
the number after
stabilizing selection - ANSWER-Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against
extreme phenotypes
disruptive selection - ANSWER-form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs
when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals
near the middle
directional selection - ANSWER-Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when
individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the
other end of the curve
Heritability - ANSWER-measure of how much of a trait's variation is explained by genetic factors. All
environment: (h^2)=0.0 All genetics: (h^2)=1.0
sexual selection - ANSWER-A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited
characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
Intrasexual - ANSWER-competition among males
Intersexual - ANSWER-female choice
