IRE 244 Midterm Exam Study Set
What general minimum wage does the Ontario Employment Standard Act specify? -
ANSWER 40-50% of the average industrial wage
What is the coverage of Ontario's minimum wage? - ANSWER 5% of ON employees
3% of total hours worked
1.5% of total earnings
conservative freeze - ANSWER 1995-2002
Min wage not increased for 8 years
Harris gov't
liberal annual increase - ANSWER 2003-2007
$6.85 in 2003 - $8.00 in 2007
17% increase over 4 yrs determined yr by yr
McGuinty gov't
liberal predetermined increases - ANSWER 2007-2010
Anti-poverty groups campaigned that EE working full-time
year round would only earn $16,000/yr, below the "poverty line."
$8.00 - $10.25 by 2010
28% increase over 3 yrs
McGuinty gov't
liberal freeze - ANSWER 2011-2013
Global financial crisis froze min wage at $10.25 for 3 yrs
McGuinty gov't
liberal catch-up and keep-up - ANSWER 2014-2017
2014: 7% increase to catch-up for inflation during 3 yr freeze ($10.25-$11.00)
2015-17: annual min wage increase tied to CPI (inflation)
Wynne gov't
,liberal changing workplaces review - ANSWER 2017-2018
Planned increase to $15.00 over 3 yrs
$11.40-$11.60 2017 then $11.60-$14 2018 (21% increase)
Wynne gov't
conservative freeze #2 - ANSWER Cancelled increase to $15.00 in 2019
Plan to freeze wage at $14.00 until October 2020 (nearly 3 yrs)
Ford gov't
deindustrialization - ANSWER *increased demand for part-time work
shift away from manufacturing economy
70% of jobs are now in the service sector
women in the workforce stats - ANSWER share of women in the labour force increased
from 34% in 1970 60 48% in 2018
male lfpr (2018): 70%
female lfpr (2018): 61%
women in the workforce implications - ANSWER *-increased supply of part-time work
-growing importance of pay/employment equity
-sexual harassment/systemic discrimination
-daycare, job sharing, maternity leave, pensions
part-time work - ANSWER less than 30 hours per week @ MAIN job (formerly defined as
all jobs)
4% in 1950s - 20% in 2013
Low compensation (threat to full-timers)
Difficult to organize (unionize)
Bill 148 (Fair Workplaces, Better Jobs Act) - ANSWER 2017 liberals
requires part-time and temp agency employees to be compensated the same as full-time
employees for the same work
Bill 47 (making Ontario Open for Business Act) - ANSWER 2018 conservatives
repealed equal pay for part-time workers as of jan 2019
, non-standard work - ANSWER includes part-time and contingent work
1/3 of labour force
contingent work - ANSWER casual, term-contract, temp, and seasonal jobs
this work provides flexibility to fluctuations in demand
precarious employment - ANSWER -Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives report that
22% of -Canadians work in precarious situations (part-time, contract work, no sick days,
etc.)
-generation screwed: 44% of millennial face job precarity; half that reported related
depression or anxiety
-scarring effect (unemployment; loss of confidence)
-poor impact on health (millenials @ highest risk for mental health issues)
aging population implications - ANSWER baby boomers 1947-66, age 65 2012-2031
-concern w pensions and health care
-limited opportunity for promotion (lateral/spiral career paths)
-mandatory retirement hot topic
-future labour shortage?
mandatory retirement - ANSWER employer policy that forces employees to retire @ a
certain age, usually 65
never been law in Canada
ON Human Rights Code and mandatory retirement - ANSWER until 2006 OHRC had cap
on age discrimination (age was 18-64), thus allowing employers to have mandatory
retirement @ 65
liberals scrapped MR when elected
exception for bona fide occupational requirement
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and mandatory retirement - ANSWER 1990
supreme court ruled that it is discriminatory, but passes "reasonableness test" allowed
to continue in Canada and individual provinces can decide whether or not to allow it
employment income (earnings) - ANSWER wages, salaries, self-employment income,
etc.
market income - ANSWER employment income + investment income
total income - ANSWER market income + transfers (gov't $ not in exchange for work)
What general minimum wage does the Ontario Employment Standard Act specify? -
ANSWER 40-50% of the average industrial wage
What is the coverage of Ontario's minimum wage? - ANSWER 5% of ON employees
3% of total hours worked
1.5% of total earnings
conservative freeze - ANSWER 1995-2002
Min wage not increased for 8 years
Harris gov't
liberal annual increase - ANSWER 2003-2007
$6.85 in 2003 - $8.00 in 2007
17% increase over 4 yrs determined yr by yr
McGuinty gov't
liberal predetermined increases - ANSWER 2007-2010
Anti-poverty groups campaigned that EE working full-time
year round would only earn $16,000/yr, below the "poverty line."
$8.00 - $10.25 by 2010
28% increase over 3 yrs
McGuinty gov't
liberal freeze - ANSWER 2011-2013
Global financial crisis froze min wage at $10.25 for 3 yrs
McGuinty gov't
liberal catch-up and keep-up - ANSWER 2014-2017
2014: 7% increase to catch-up for inflation during 3 yr freeze ($10.25-$11.00)
2015-17: annual min wage increase tied to CPI (inflation)
Wynne gov't
,liberal changing workplaces review - ANSWER 2017-2018
Planned increase to $15.00 over 3 yrs
$11.40-$11.60 2017 then $11.60-$14 2018 (21% increase)
Wynne gov't
conservative freeze #2 - ANSWER Cancelled increase to $15.00 in 2019
Plan to freeze wage at $14.00 until October 2020 (nearly 3 yrs)
Ford gov't
deindustrialization - ANSWER *increased demand for part-time work
shift away from manufacturing economy
70% of jobs are now in the service sector
women in the workforce stats - ANSWER share of women in the labour force increased
from 34% in 1970 60 48% in 2018
male lfpr (2018): 70%
female lfpr (2018): 61%
women in the workforce implications - ANSWER *-increased supply of part-time work
-growing importance of pay/employment equity
-sexual harassment/systemic discrimination
-daycare, job sharing, maternity leave, pensions
part-time work - ANSWER less than 30 hours per week @ MAIN job (formerly defined as
all jobs)
4% in 1950s - 20% in 2013
Low compensation (threat to full-timers)
Difficult to organize (unionize)
Bill 148 (Fair Workplaces, Better Jobs Act) - ANSWER 2017 liberals
requires part-time and temp agency employees to be compensated the same as full-time
employees for the same work
Bill 47 (making Ontario Open for Business Act) - ANSWER 2018 conservatives
repealed equal pay for part-time workers as of jan 2019
, non-standard work - ANSWER includes part-time and contingent work
1/3 of labour force
contingent work - ANSWER casual, term-contract, temp, and seasonal jobs
this work provides flexibility to fluctuations in demand
precarious employment - ANSWER -Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives report that
22% of -Canadians work in precarious situations (part-time, contract work, no sick days,
etc.)
-generation screwed: 44% of millennial face job precarity; half that reported related
depression or anxiety
-scarring effect (unemployment; loss of confidence)
-poor impact on health (millenials @ highest risk for mental health issues)
aging population implications - ANSWER baby boomers 1947-66, age 65 2012-2031
-concern w pensions and health care
-limited opportunity for promotion (lateral/spiral career paths)
-mandatory retirement hot topic
-future labour shortage?
mandatory retirement - ANSWER employer policy that forces employees to retire @ a
certain age, usually 65
never been law in Canada
ON Human Rights Code and mandatory retirement - ANSWER until 2006 OHRC had cap
on age discrimination (age was 18-64), thus allowing employers to have mandatory
retirement @ 65
liberals scrapped MR when elected
exception for bona fide occupational requirement
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and mandatory retirement - ANSWER 1990
supreme court ruled that it is discriminatory, but passes "reasonableness test" allowed
to continue in Canada and individual provinces can decide whether or not to allow it
employment income (earnings) - ANSWER wages, salaries, self-employment income,
etc.
market income - ANSWER employment income + investment income
total income - ANSWER market income + transfers (gov't $ not in exchange for work)
