BKAT Study
Changes in CK-MB - CORRECT ANSWER-Released after myocardial necrosis.
Specific for myocardial damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
Troponin I - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
What to do first if patient has chest pain. - CORRECT ANSWER-Rest!
ECG changes in an acute MI - CORRECT ANSWER-ST elevation in 2 or more
contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY.
Inferior leads - CORRECT ANSWER-II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion.
Septal leads - CORRECT ANSWER-V1 & V2.
Anterior leads - CORRECT ANSWER-V1 - V4. LAD lesion.
Lateral leads - CORRECT ANSWER-V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion.
Cardiac enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
Changes in CK - CORRECT ANSWER-Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
Troponin T - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 12-48 hours
Normal: 5-14 days
Common conditions that cause a murmur - CORRECT ANSWER-Aortic dissection,
aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both acute &
chronic), mitral valve stenosis
, Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR - CORRECT ANSWER-(Arterial Dilators)
Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR - CORRECT ANSWER-(Vasopressors)
Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta blockers (atenolol,
metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increase contractility/SVI - CORRECT ANSWER-Positive inotropes,
dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP - CORRECT ANSWER-Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP - CORRECT ANSWER-Volume - Colloid,
crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
Complications when using thrombolytics - CORRECT ANSWER-Allergic reaction,
bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
Failure to capture - CORRECT ANSWER-Pacer delivers a stimulus at the appropriate
time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
Failure to fire/pace - CORRECT ANSWER-No pacer spikes seen
Failure to sense - CORRECT ANSWER-Pacemaker does not detects heart's intrinsic
activity or interprets noncardiac activity as intrinsic activity. Spikes in inappropriate
times.
Normal PR - CORRECT ANSWER-0.12 - 0.20
Normal QRS - CORRECT ANSWER-0.04-0.10
Normal QT - CORRECT ANSWER-Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
Vasopressors - CORRECT ANSWER-Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine,
phenylephrine/neosynephrine, vasopressin/pitressin, milrinone/Primacor,
dobutamine/Dobutrex
Indication for dopamine/Intropin - CORRECT ANSWER-Acts on SNS to increased HR
and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO, decreased renal blood flow. Use if patient is
bradycardic.
Changes in CK-MB - CORRECT ANSWER-Released after myocardial necrosis.
Specific for myocardial damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
Troponin I - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
What to do first if patient has chest pain. - CORRECT ANSWER-Rest!
ECG changes in an acute MI - CORRECT ANSWER-ST elevation in 2 or more
contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY.
Inferior leads - CORRECT ANSWER-II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion.
Septal leads - CORRECT ANSWER-V1 & V2.
Anterior leads - CORRECT ANSWER-V1 - V4. LAD lesion.
Lateral leads - CORRECT ANSWER-V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion.
Cardiac enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
Changes in CK - CORRECT ANSWER-Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
Troponin T - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 12-48 hours
Normal: 5-14 days
Common conditions that cause a murmur - CORRECT ANSWER-Aortic dissection,
aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both acute &
chronic), mitral valve stenosis
, Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR - CORRECT ANSWER-(Arterial Dilators)
Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR - CORRECT ANSWER-(Vasopressors)
Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta blockers (atenolol,
metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increase contractility/SVI - CORRECT ANSWER-Positive inotropes,
dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP - CORRECT ANSWER-Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP - CORRECT ANSWER-Volume - Colloid,
crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
Complications when using thrombolytics - CORRECT ANSWER-Allergic reaction,
bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
Failure to capture - CORRECT ANSWER-Pacer delivers a stimulus at the appropriate
time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
Failure to fire/pace - CORRECT ANSWER-No pacer spikes seen
Failure to sense - CORRECT ANSWER-Pacemaker does not detects heart's intrinsic
activity or interprets noncardiac activity as intrinsic activity. Spikes in inappropriate
times.
Normal PR - CORRECT ANSWER-0.12 - 0.20
Normal QRS - CORRECT ANSWER-0.04-0.10
Normal QT - CORRECT ANSWER-Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
Vasopressors - CORRECT ANSWER-Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine,
phenylephrine/neosynephrine, vasopressin/pitressin, milrinone/Primacor,
dobutamine/Dobutrex
Indication for dopamine/Intropin - CORRECT ANSWER-Acts on SNS to increased HR
and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO, decreased renal blood flow. Use if patient is
bradycardic.
