PHIL 1030 FINAL SHORTT STUDY SET WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
If an action is obligatory, it is praiseworthy if I do it,but it is okay if do not. - ANSWER
False
If an action is obligatory, there can be no reason at all against doing it. - ANSWER False
If an action is prohibited, there is overriding reason against doing it, i.e., the reason or
reasons against doing it are so strong that noreason there might be in favor of doing it
could be adequate to justify its performance. - ANSWER True
If an action is permissible, there is neither overriding reason in favor of doing it nor
overriding reason against doing it. - ANSWER True
In order for a philosophical thought-experiment to help us explore some aspect of an
ethical issue, it must avoid being unrealistic in any way. - ANSWER False
Supererogatory actions are those performed by a superhero named Erog. - ANSWER
Deleted question (I put false)
In his essay "The Problem of Cultural Relativism," James Rachels contends that it is a
logical fallacyto infer that there is no objective truth regarding moral claims from the
lone premise that there is widespread disagreement about what those truths might be
across cultures. This fallacy is exposed by recognizing the possibility of an alternative
explanation, namely, that some cultures could simply be wrong in their moral
judgments. - ANSWER True
When confronted with a cultural difference as stark as the funerary practices of the
,Greeks (who cremate) and the Callatians (who eat the flesh of their dead fathers), what
observation does Rachels think most reduces the appeal of cultural relativism?
A. Only one of these cultures, if either, can be treating the dead in a morally acceptable
manner.
B. Since there is no wayof understanding cannibalism upon which it can be construed as
an act of respect, it should not be considered a legitimate funerary practice.
C. The difference is not as great as it appears. Both cultures agree on the
appropriateness of ritually honoring the dead even though they do so in wildly different
ways.
D. Funerary practices are grounded in superstition rather than morality. - ANSWER C.
The difference is not as great as it appears. Both cultures agree on the appropriateness
of ritually honoring the dead even though they do so in wildly different ways.
If cultural relativism is true, Rachels argues it would follow that Martin Luther King Jr.'s
anti-discrimination activism was immoral insofar as his it opposed his own culture's
views of right and wrong at that time. - ANSWER True
For Rachels, since contemporary American culture is clearly the most morally
praiseworthy culture in history, we should feel no reluctance to criticize the cultures of
others. - ANSWER False
If cultural relativism is true, Rachels argues that we would not be able to make sense of
the idea that America could become a better nation. - ANSWER True
Rachels believes that while there is objective moral truth, there is no reason to expect
that any particular moral principles could be found in all societies. - ANSWER False
Given the purpose and role of morality in human life, Rachels thinks that one reasonable
proposal for a cross-cultural standard is that any moral principle a culture adopts
should seek to benefit those in power. - ANSWER False
Consequentialist theories of morality determine what is right and wrong by looking to
the outcomes produced by an action or policy. - ANSWER True
, Egoism is a deontological theory. - ANSWER False
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory. - ANSWER True
The defining difference between Utilitarianism and Egoism is that Utilitarianism seeks to
maximize happiness for the greatest number while Egoism seeks to maximize pleasure
for the greatest number. - ANSWER False
Rule Utilitarianism requires that we act according to a certain set of rules.Those rules
are picked out by determining which rules promote the greatest good for the greatest
number. - ANSWER True
Critics of Act Utilitarianism argue that it is too demandingboth because of the complex
thought process it would require us to go through in order to determine the moral value
of any given act and because we would never be able to relax if there were anything else
we could be doing to generate more good.Rule Utilitarianism alleviates both concerns
by simplifying how we think about the rightness or wrongness of individual acts and by
allowing us to adopt a rule allowing leisure so long as it maximizes the good to do so. -
ANSWER True
Deontological theories of morality prescribe moral rules or principles by determining
which sets of rules promote the greatest happiness. - ANSWER False
All actions that are prescribed by the categorical imperative promote the self-interest of
the agent. - ANSWER False
The categorical imperative forbids actions that are characterized by a maxim that could
notbe coherently willed in a world where that maxim is adhered to universally. -
ANSWER True
Hypothetical imperatives apply to someone only on the condition that she is pursuing
some other end, i.e., it tells her to do something only if she wants to achieve something
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
If an action is obligatory, it is praiseworthy if I do it,but it is okay if do not. - ANSWER
False
If an action is obligatory, there can be no reason at all against doing it. - ANSWER False
If an action is prohibited, there is overriding reason against doing it, i.e., the reason or
reasons against doing it are so strong that noreason there might be in favor of doing it
could be adequate to justify its performance. - ANSWER True
If an action is permissible, there is neither overriding reason in favor of doing it nor
overriding reason against doing it. - ANSWER True
In order for a philosophical thought-experiment to help us explore some aspect of an
ethical issue, it must avoid being unrealistic in any way. - ANSWER False
Supererogatory actions are those performed by a superhero named Erog. - ANSWER
Deleted question (I put false)
In his essay "The Problem of Cultural Relativism," James Rachels contends that it is a
logical fallacyto infer that there is no objective truth regarding moral claims from the
lone premise that there is widespread disagreement about what those truths might be
across cultures. This fallacy is exposed by recognizing the possibility of an alternative
explanation, namely, that some cultures could simply be wrong in their moral
judgments. - ANSWER True
When confronted with a cultural difference as stark as the funerary practices of the
,Greeks (who cremate) and the Callatians (who eat the flesh of their dead fathers), what
observation does Rachels think most reduces the appeal of cultural relativism?
A. Only one of these cultures, if either, can be treating the dead in a morally acceptable
manner.
B. Since there is no wayof understanding cannibalism upon which it can be construed as
an act of respect, it should not be considered a legitimate funerary practice.
C. The difference is not as great as it appears. Both cultures agree on the
appropriateness of ritually honoring the dead even though they do so in wildly different
ways.
D. Funerary practices are grounded in superstition rather than morality. - ANSWER C.
The difference is not as great as it appears. Both cultures agree on the appropriateness
of ritually honoring the dead even though they do so in wildly different ways.
If cultural relativism is true, Rachels argues it would follow that Martin Luther King Jr.'s
anti-discrimination activism was immoral insofar as his it opposed his own culture's
views of right and wrong at that time. - ANSWER True
For Rachels, since contemporary American culture is clearly the most morally
praiseworthy culture in history, we should feel no reluctance to criticize the cultures of
others. - ANSWER False
If cultural relativism is true, Rachels argues that we would not be able to make sense of
the idea that America could become a better nation. - ANSWER True
Rachels believes that while there is objective moral truth, there is no reason to expect
that any particular moral principles could be found in all societies. - ANSWER False
Given the purpose and role of morality in human life, Rachels thinks that one reasonable
proposal for a cross-cultural standard is that any moral principle a culture adopts
should seek to benefit those in power. - ANSWER False
Consequentialist theories of morality determine what is right and wrong by looking to
the outcomes produced by an action or policy. - ANSWER True
, Egoism is a deontological theory. - ANSWER False
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory. - ANSWER True
The defining difference between Utilitarianism and Egoism is that Utilitarianism seeks to
maximize happiness for the greatest number while Egoism seeks to maximize pleasure
for the greatest number. - ANSWER False
Rule Utilitarianism requires that we act according to a certain set of rules.Those rules
are picked out by determining which rules promote the greatest good for the greatest
number. - ANSWER True
Critics of Act Utilitarianism argue that it is too demandingboth because of the complex
thought process it would require us to go through in order to determine the moral value
of any given act and because we would never be able to relax if there were anything else
we could be doing to generate more good.Rule Utilitarianism alleviates both concerns
by simplifying how we think about the rightness or wrongness of individual acts and by
allowing us to adopt a rule allowing leisure so long as it maximizes the good to do so. -
ANSWER True
Deontological theories of morality prescribe moral rules or principles by determining
which sets of rules promote the greatest happiness. - ANSWER False
All actions that are prescribed by the categorical imperative promote the self-interest of
the agent. - ANSWER False
The categorical imperative forbids actions that are characterized by a maxim that could
notbe coherently willed in a world where that maxim is adhered to universally. -
ANSWER True
Hypothetical imperatives apply to someone only on the condition that she is pursuing
some other end, i.e., it tells her to do something only if she wants to achieve something
