Psychology 100 Exam 2
Learning -(correct answer)Relatively permenant change in an organism behavior due to
experience. 3 Types of Learning -(correct answer)1. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning 2.
Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning 3. Observational (Social) Leaning Ivan Pavlov -(correct
answer)1.First to describe classical conditioning. 2.Russian Physiologist 3.Interested in
saliva's role in digestion 4.Ran experiments with dogs 5.Won a nobel prize in 1904
Unconditioned Stimulus -(correct answer)Stimulus that elicits a particular response (reflexive,
involuntary reactions) without the necessity of learning. Unconditioned Response -(correct
answer)Involuntary, automatic response that occurs to a stimulus without the necessity of
learning Conditioned Stimulus -(correct answer)Stimulus that does not elicit a particular
response initially but comes to do so as a result of becoming associated with an unconditioned
stimulus. Conditioned Response -(correct answer)Response that comes to be made to the
conditioned stimulus as a result of classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning (Pavlovian)
-(correct answer)The process in which an organism learns to associate stimuli, and thus
anticipate events. Simple, occurs across species. Aquisition -(correct answer)Conditioned
Stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, Conditioned stimulus begins to elicit the
Conditioned response Extinction -(correct answer)Unconditioned stimulus no longer follows
the conditioned stimulus, conditioned response eventually disappears. 5 Major Conditioning
Processes -(correct answer)1.Aquisition 2.Extinction 3.Spontaneous Recovery
4.Generalization 5.Discrimination Spontaneous Recovery -(correct answer)If the conditioned
stimulus is presented again to the subject after a period of rest, the conditioned response
reappears. Generalization -(correct answer)The tendency to respond to stimuli resembling the
conditioned stimulus. Discrimination -(correct answer)Responding occurs in the presence of
one stimulus, but not in the presence of another. Edward Thorndike -(correct answer)Ran
Experiments with cats in puzzle boxes, First studied operant conditioning. Proposed Law of
Effect. Law of Effect -(correct answer)If a response in a presence of a stimulus is followed by a
satisfying event, the association between the stimulus and the response will be strenghened. if
the response is followed by an annoying event, the association will be weakened. B.F. Skinner
-(correct answer)Studied operant conditioning with rats. Devised Skinner's Box. Operant
Conditioning -(correct answer)The process whereby an organism learns to associate a
response and its consequences and thus to repeat acts followed by rewards and avoid acts
followed by punishment. occurs across species. Reinforcers -(correct answer)Stimuli that
increase the probability of behavior. Primary Reinforcers -(correct answer)Events that are
innately reinforcing (food, water, things with biological significance) Secondary Reinforcers
-(correct answer)Require learning. (Money, Praise etc.) Positive Reinforcement -(correct
answer)Presentaton of a desirable stimulus increases the probablility of behavior. Negative
Reinforcement -(correct answer)Nothing to do with punishment. Removal of an aversive
stimulus increases the probablity of behavior. Punishers -(correct answer)Stimuli that
decrease the probablility of behavior. Positive Punishment -(correct answer)Presentation of an
Learning -(correct answer)Relatively permenant change in an organism behavior due to
experience. 3 Types of Learning -(correct answer)1. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning 2.
Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning 3. Observational (Social) Leaning Ivan Pavlov -(correct
answer)1.First to describe classical conditioning. 2.Russian Physiologist 3.Interested in
saliva's role in digestion 4.Ran experiments with dogs 5.Won a nobel prize in 1904
Unconditioned Stimulus -(correct answer)Stimulus that elicits a particular response (reflexive,
involuntary reactions) without the necessity of learning. Unconditioned Response -(correct
answer)Involuntary, automatic response that occurs to a stimulus without the necessity of
learning Conditioned Stimulus -(correct answer)Stimulus that does not elicit a particular
response initially but comes to do so as a result of becoming associated with an unconditioned
stimulus. Conditioned Response -(correct answer)Response that comes to be made to the
conditioned stimulus as a result of classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning (Pavlovian)
-(correct answer)The process in which an organism learns to associate stimuli, and thus
anticipate events. Simple, occurs across species. Aquisition -(correct answer)Conditioned
Stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, Conditioned stimulus begins to elicit the
Conditioned response Extinction -(correct answer)Unconditioned stimulus no longer follows
the conditioned stimulus, conditioned response eventually disappears. 5 Major Conditioning
Processes -(correct answer)1.Aquisition 2.Extinction 3.Spontaneous Recovery
4.Generalization 5.Discrimination Spontaneous Recovery -(correct answer)If the conditioned
stimulus is presented again to the subject after a period of rest, the conditioned response
reappears. Generalization -(correct answer)The tendency to respond to stimuli resembling the
conditioned stimulus. Discrimination -(correct answer)Responding occurs in the presence of
one stimulus, but not in the presence of another. Edward Thorndike -(correct answer)Ran
Experiments with cats in puzzle boxes, First studied operant conditioning. Proposed Law of
Effect. Law of Effect -(correct answer)If a response in a presence of a stimulus is followed by a
satisfying event, the association between the stimulus and the response will be strenghened. if
the response is followed by an annoying event, the association will be weakened. B.F. Skinner
-(correct answer)Studied operant conditioning with rats. Devised Skinner's Box. Operant
Conditioning -(correct answer)The process whereby an organism learns to associate a
response and its consequences and thus to repeat acts followed by rewards and avoid acts
followed by punishment. occurs across species. Reinforcers -(correct answer)Stimuli that
increase the probability of behavior. Primary Reinforcers -(correct answer)Events that are
innately reinforcing (food, water, things with biological significance) Secondary Reinforcers
-(correct answer)Require learning. (Money, Praise etc.) Positive Reinforcement -(correct
answer)Presentaton of a desirable stimulus increases the probablility of behavior. Negative
Reinforcement -(correct answer)Nothing to do with punishment. Removal of an aversive
stimulus increases the probablity of behavior. Punishers -(correct answer)Stimuli that
decrease the probablility of behavior. Positive Punishment -(correct answer)Presentation of an
