PSY 255: What is Memory? Ch.1(Complete solutions)
Verbal learning correct answers A term applied to an approach to memory that relies principally
on the learning of lists of words and nonsense syllables
Schema correct answers Mental representations of people, objects, situation, and events that are
required through experience
Reductionism correct answers The view that all scientific explanations should aim to be based on
a lower level of analysis (psychology in terms of physiology)
In terms if memory what could Clive Wearing do and not do correct answers Do: hold
information in short term memory (for 30 seconds)
Not do: Transfer short term memory into long term memory- Anterograde amnesia
Who were the first group to research human memory? correct answers Ancient Greek
philosophers
What were the Greek philosophers interested in researching in terms of memory? correct
answers Finding out ways to remember lengthy material such as speeches
What was Plato's contribution to human memory research correct answers -He was one of the
first philosophers to study memory
-Believed 'memory is soft' meaning it wasn't fixed and it changes all the time
-Believed 'memory erodes with time' meaning it gradually wears off after a period of time
-Came up with wax tablet metaphor which is the same as the 'memory is soft' concept
What was Aristotle's contribution to human memory research correct answers -Believed the
physiological location of memory was the heart
What was Erasistratus's contribution to human memory research correct answers -Discovered
that the physiological location of memory was actually in the brain (nervous system)
Empiricist correct answers The view that experience, especially of the senses, is the only source
of knowledge
What was St. Augustine's contribution to human memory research correct answers Discovered
that memory isn't a unit, there are different types of memory
What were the Romans interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers The practical aspects
of memory
Mnemonic technique correct answers a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations
that assists in remembering something
-Example: giving acronym to each color in the rainbow
, What were the Dark ages interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers Interest in memory
decreased during this time period
What were the Renaissance interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers Practical use of
memory (mnemonics)
What were the 16th century interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers Beginnings of
theoretical interest in memory
What contribution did Alfred Binet make to human memory research? correct answers -He was
the first to experimentally study memory
-Along with Simon came up with intelligence scales
-Made several important discoveries like SPE
What contribution did Richard Semon make to human memory research? correct answers -Came
up with 3-stage model of memory:
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
-Anticipated the encoding specificity principle: the more similar the cues available at retrieval
are to the conditions at encoding, the more effective the cues will be
-Anticipates state dependent memory: phenomenon through which memory retrieval is most
efficient when an individual is in the same state of conscientiousness as they were when the
memory was formed
What contribution did Hermann Ebbinghaus make to human memory research? correct answers -
First major scientific researcher of memory
- Came up with verbal learning approach: a term applied to an approach to memory that relies
principally on the learning of lists of words and nonsense syllables
What was the topic of the 2 research papers written 75 years after Ebbinghuas; and who wrote
them correct answers -Short term memory
-Sperling
-Brown, & the Petersons
Gestalt psychology correct answers An approach to psychology that was strong in Germany in
the 1930's and that attempted to use perceptual principles to understand memory and reasoning
Model correct answers A method of expressing a theory more precisely, allowing predictions to
be made and tested
Modal model correct answers A term applied to the model of memory developed by Atkinson
and Shiffrin (1968)
Sensory memory correct answers A term applied to the brief storage of information within a
specific modality
Verbal learning correct answers A term applied to an approach to memory that relies principally
on the learning of lists of words and nonsense syllables
Schema correct answers Mental representations of people, objects, situation, and events that are
required through experience
Reductionism correct answers The view that all scientific explanations should aim to be based on
a lower level of analysis (psychology in terms of physiology)
In terms if memory what could Clive Wearing do and not do correct answers Do: hold
information in short term memory (for 30 seconds)
Not do: Transfer short term memory into long term memory- Anterograde amnesia
Who were the first group to research human memory? correct answers Ancient Greek
philosophers
What were the Greek philosophers interested in researching in terms of memory? correct
answers Finding out ways to remember lengthy material such as speeches
What was Plato's contribution to human memory research correct answers -He was one of the
first philosophers to study memory
-Believed 'memory is soft' meaning it wasn't fixed and it changes all the time
-Believed 'memory erodes with time' meaning it gradually wears off after a period of time
-Came up with wax tablet metaphor which is the same as the 'memory is soft' concept
What was Aristotle's contribution to human memory research correct answers -Believed the
physiological location of memory was the heart
What was Erasistratus's contribution to human memory research correct answers -Discovered
that the physiological location of memory was actually in the brain (nervous system)
Empiricist correct answers The view that experience, especially of the senses, is the only source
of knowledge
What was St. Augustine's contribution to human memory research correct answers Discovered
that memory isn't a unit, there are different types of memory
What were the Romans interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers The practical aspects
of memory
Mnemonic technique correct answers a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations
that assists in remembering something
-Example: giving acronym to each color in the rainbow
, What were the Dark ages interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers Interest in memory
decreased during this time period
What were the Renaissance interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers Practical use of
memory (mnemonics)
What were the 16th century interested in, in terms of memory? correct answers Beginnings of
theoretical interest in memory
What contribution did Alfred Binet make to human memory research? correct answers -He was
the first to experimentally study memory
-Along with Simon came up with intelligence scales
-Made several important discoveries like SPE
What contribution did Richard Semon make to human memory research? correct answers -Came
up with 3-stage model of memory:
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
-Anticipated the encoding specificity principle: the more similar the cues available at retrieval
are to the conditions at encoding, the more effective the cues will be
-Anticipates state dependent memory: phenomenon through which memory retrieval is most
efficient when an individual is in the same state of conscientiousness as they were when the
memory was formed
What contribution did Hermann Ebbinghaus make to human memory research? correct answers -
First major scientific researcher of memory
- Came up with verbal learning approach: a term applied to an approach to memory that relies
principally on the learning of lists of words and nonsense syllables
What was the topic of the 2 research papers written 75 years after Ebbinghuas; and who wrote
them correct answers -Short term memory
-Sperling
-Brown, & the Petersons
Gestalt psychology correct answers An approach to psychology that was strong in Germany in
the 1930's and that attempted to use perceptual principles to understand memory and reasoning
Model correct answers A method of expressing a theory more precisely, allowing predictions to
be made and tested
Modal model correct answers A term applied to the model of memory developed by Atkinson
and Shiffrin (1968)
Sensory memory correct answers A term applied to the brief storage of information within a
specific modality
