NST 10 Midterm 1 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
anabolism - ANSWER✔✔-uses energy to construct components of cells.
the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these
reactions require energy
nutrient density - ANSWER✔✔-a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to
its energy content. a healthy diet.
trace minerals - ANSWER✔✔-needed only in tiny amounts. These minerals participate
in most chemical reactions in the body. These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper,
manganese
protein complementation - ANSWER✔✔-combining plant protein sources to achieve a
better amino acid balance than each would have alone
insoluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-does not dissolve in water because it contains high
amount of cellulose. Can be found in the bran of grains, the pulp of fruit and the skin of
vegetables. speeds up the transit of foods through digestive system
,functions of nutrients: forming structures - ANSWER✔✔-1) Most of the weight of the
body is due to water, fat and protein
2) help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the body
3) Proteins form ligaments and tendons that hold bones together and attach muscles to
bones
4) At the cellular level, lipids and proteins make up the membranes that surround cells
metabolism - ANSWER✔✔-the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within
the cells of living organisms.
functions of nutrients: providing energy - ANSWER✔✔-1) macronutrients and
micronutrients help the body to stay healthy
2) biochemical reactions in the body help to release the energy contained in
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
3) used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
4) if more energy is consumed than is needed, overtime body weight will increase
Healthy diet - ANSWER✔✔-right amount of energy to keep weight in desirable range;
the proper types and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and
sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins and minerals
nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-1) provide energy (expressed in kilocalories [kcal])
,2) important for growth and development (and later maintenance)
3) keep body functions running smoothly
- energy-yielding nutrients and water make up a major portion of most foods
essential nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-1) specific biological function
2) removing it from diet leads to a decline in human biological function such as the
normal functions of the blood cells or nervous system
3) returning the omitted substance to the diet before permanent damage occurs restores
to normal those of human biological function impaired by its absence
composition of human body - ANSWER✔✔-6%: minerals, carbohydrates, and other
substances
16%: fat
16%: protein
62%: water
carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-main body's main source of energy and should be the
major part of total intake
simple carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-ex. sugar and honey
complex carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-ex. grains, beans, peas, or potatoes
, preferred b/c more nutritious, fewer calories per gram compared to fat, and cause
fewer problems with overeating than fat or sugar; also allow for better blood glucose
control
fiber - ANSWER✔✔-material that gives plants texture and support. primarily made up
of carbohydrates but it does not have a lot of calories and it is not usually broken down
by the body for energy
soluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-dissolves in water. can be found in a variety of fruits and
vegetables (apples, oatmeal, oat bran)
fat - ANSWER✔✔-supplies energy and transports nutrients
essential fatty acids - ANSWER✔✔-omega-3 and omega-6
required for the body to function normally.
omega-3 obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, fish oil and omega-6 obtained from
primrose or black currant seed soil
omega-3 helps reduce risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc.
protein - ANSWER✔✔-supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body tissue;
necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth;
Questions and Answers
anabolism - ANSWER✔✔-uses energy to construct components of cells.
the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these
reactions require energy
nutrient density - ANSWER✔✔-a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to
its energy content. a healthy diet.
trace minerals - ANSWER✔✔-needed only in tiny amounts. These minerals participate
in most chemical reactions in the body. These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper,
manganese
protein complementation - ANSWER✔✔-combining plant protein sources to achieve a
better amino acid balance than each would have alone
insoluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-does not dissolve in water because it contains high
amount of cellulose. Can be found in the bran of grains, the pulp of fruit and the skin of
vegetables. speeds up the transit of foods through digestive system
,functions of nutrients: forming structures - ANSWER✔✔-1) Most of the weight of the
body is due to water, fat and protein
2) help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the body
3) Proteins form ligaments and tendons that hold bones together and attach muscles to
bones
4) At the cellular level, lipids and proteins make up the membranes that surround cells
metabolism - ANSWER✔✔-the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within
the cells of living organisms.
functions of nutrients: providing energy - ANSWER✔✔-1) macronutrients and
micronutrients help the body to stay healthy
2) biochemical reactions in the body help to release the energy contained in
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
3) used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
4) if more energy is consumed than is needed, overtime body weight will increase
Healthy diet - ANSWER✔✔-right amount of energy to keep weight in desirable range;
the proper types and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and
sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins and minerals
nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-1) provide energy (expressed in kilocalories [kcal])
,2) important for growth and development (and later maintenance)
3) keep body functions running smoothly
- energy-yielding nutrients and water make up a major portion of most foods
essential nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-1) specific biological function
2) removing it from diet leads to a decline in human biological function such as the
normal functions of the blood cells or nervous system
3) returning the omitted substance to the diet before permanent damage occurs restores
to normal those of human biological function impaired by its absence
composition of human body - ANSWER✔✔-6%: minerals, carbohydrates, and other
substances
16%: fat
16%: protein
62%: water
carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-main body's main source of energy and should be the
major part of total intake
simple carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-ex. sugar and honey
complex carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-ex. grains, beans, peas, or potatoes
, preferred b/c more nutritious, fewer calories per gram compared to fat, and cause
fewer problems with overeating than fat or sugar; also allow for better blood glucose
control
fiber - ANSWER✔✔-material that gives plants texture and support. primarily made up
of carbohydrates but it does not have a lot of calories and it is not usually broken down
by the body for energy
soluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-dissolves in water. can be found in a variety of fruits and
vegetables (apples, oatmeal, oat bran)
fat - ANSWER✔✔-supplies energy and transports nutrients
essential fatty acids - ANSWER✔✔-omega-3 and omega-6
required for the body to function normally.
omega-3 obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, fish oil and omega-6 obtained from
primrose or black currant seed soil
omega-3 helps reduce risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc.
protein - ANSWER✔✔-supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body tissue;
necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth;
