NST10 Midterm 1 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-chemical substances in foods that provide energy and
structure and help regulate body processes
Fortified food vs Enriched foods - ANSWER✔✔-fortified- have nutrients added that
weren't there before
enriched-have nutrients added back that were lost during processing
Enriched grains - ANSWER✔✔-~have thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron and folic acid
added
Dietary Supplements - ANSWER✔✔-contains one or more of the following: vitamins,
minerals, plant derived substances, amino acids, or concentrates or extracts.
Macronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-~energy yielding nutrients including proteins, carbs,
and fats
~they are needed in large amounts
,Carbs - ANSWER✔✔-~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~simple sugars --> double sugars and short glucose chains --> sugar, starches, and fiber
Proteins - ANSWER✔✔-~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~amino acids --> amino acids and short amino acid chains --> polypeptides
~Proteins are required for growth, maintenance and repair of the body.
Lipids - ANSWER✔✔-~provides 9 kilocalories/gram
~short-chain fatty acids and lipid transport particles--> long-chain fatty acids--> small
lipid droplets and short chain fatty acids--> large lipid droplets
Micronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-~provides no energy for the body but are necessary for
proper functioning of the body.
~include vitamins and minerals.
~required in small amounts.
Water - ANSWER✔✔-~macronutrient
~makes up about 60% of the body
Function of nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-1. Providing energy
~biochemical reactions in the body help to release energy contained in macronutrients
~energy used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
, 2. Forming structures
~lipid, proteins, and minerals help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the
body
3. Regulating body processes
~macronutrients, water, vitamins and minerals --> homeostasis and metabolism
Metabolism - ANSWER✔✔-all the reactions that occur in the body
Homeostasis - ANSWER✔✔-proper regulation of metabolism
Nutrigenomics - ANSWER✔✔-The study of how diet affects genes and how genetic
variation can affect the impact of nutrients on health.
Nutrient Density - ANSWER✔✔-a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to
its energy content
energy dense foods - ANSWER✔✔-have a high concentration of calories per bite
Healthy eating habits include - ANSWER✔✔-eating a variety of foods, balancing
choices, eating things in moderation
Epidemiology - ANSWER✔✔-the study of diet, health, and disease patterns
clinical trials - ANSWER✔✔-human intervention studies
Questions and Answers
Nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-chemical substances in foods that provide energy and
structure and help regulate body processes
Fortified food vs Enriched foods - ANSWER✔✔-fortified- have nutrients added that
weren't there before
enriched-have nutrients added back that were lost during processing
Enriched grains - ANSWER✔✔-~have thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron and folic acid
added
Dietary Supplements - ANSWER✔✔-contains one or more of the following: vitamins,
minerals, plant derived substances, amino acids, or concentrates or extracts.
Macronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-~energy yielding nutrients including proteins, carbs,
and fats
~they are needed in large amounts
,Carbs - ANSWER✔✔-~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~simple sugars --> double sugars and short glucose chains --> sugar, starches, and fiber
Proteins - ANSWER✔✔-~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~amino acids --> amino acids and short amino acid chains --> polypeptides
~Proteins are required for growth, maintenance and repair of the body.
Lipids - ANSWER✔✔-~provides 9 kilocalories/gram
~short-chain fatty acids and lipid transport particles--> long-chain fatty acids--> small
lipid droplets and short chain fatty acids--> large lipid droplets
Micronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-~provides no energy for the body but are necessary for
proper functioning of the body.
~include vitamins and minerals.
~required in small amounts.
Water - ANSWER✔✔-~macronutrient
~makes up about 60% of the body
Function of nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-1. Providing energy
~biochemical reactions in the body help to release energy contained in macronutrients
~energy used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
, 2. Forming structures
~lipid, proteins, and minerals help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the
body
3. Regulating body processes
~macronutrients, water, vitamins and minerals --> homeostasis and metabolism
Metabolism - ANSWER✔✔-all the reactions that occur in the body
Homeostasis - ANSWER✔✔-proper regulation of metabolism
Nutrigenomics - ANSWER✔✔-The study of how diet affects genes and how genetic
variation can affect the impact of nutrients on health.
Nutrient Density - ANSWER✔✔-a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to
its energy content
energy dense foods - ANSWER✔✔-have a high concentration of calories per bite
Healthy eating habits include - ANSWER✔✔-eating a variety of foods, balancing
choices, eating things in moderation
Epidemiology - ANSWER✔✔-the study of diet, health, and disease patterns
clinical trials - ANSWER✔✔-human intervention studies
