NST 10: Exam #3 2025 Questions
and Answers
Retinoids - ANSWER✔✔-Is a collective term for the biologically active forms of vitamin
A. They are called preformed vitamin A because, unlike carotenoids, they do not need
to be converted in the body to become biologically active
Retinoid Acid - ANSWER✔✔-a fat-soluble and it goes through the skin. Goes to the
transcription. site of cells with the skin within the stem cell layer. Its hard for the body
to regulate that and b/c it's at the DNA level, there could be serious side effects (plus, it
isn't controlled)
Retinal Ester - ANSWER✔✔-the main storage of vitamin a. It is also the way food gets
in the body and is stored. This means that the retinol and alcohol is now bound to be
fatty acid and eliminate to absorb it.
Retinal - ANSWER✔✔-Vitamin A gets its hands dirty and works in the nucleus and
works at the state level to get things to happen so the retina aldehyde can do both and
the thing that it can do is help vision
,Rhodopsin - ANSWER✔✔-The removal of it allows calcium to be mobilized in the cell.
Mobilization in the cell and it causes fixtures that end up with neural transduction
What's a protein that could harm individuals? - ANSWER✔✔-Phenylketonuria
PKU (Phenylketonuria) - ANSWER✔✔-this is an inherited condition attributed to a
defective gene
Aspartame - ANSWER✔✔-it's a sugar substitute that contains phenylalanine
What is Vitamin D also considered? - ANSWER✔✔-a hormone as well as a vitamin
What are the role of Vitamin D in the body - ANSWER✔✔-- regulates gene
transcription
*maintains blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorus
- it regulates cell proliferationa and differentiation, imune function, can be
produced/transported in the kidney
- It's the manager of calcium pathways for the cells and if there is too much, it isi
involved in lowering it, and if it's too low, then it's involved in raising it, and it helps
mineralization/demineralization
What are factors affecting Vitamin D Synthesis in the Body? - ANSWER✔✔-*Important
note that there is a lot of controversy in how much VD you need
, - factors include: latitude, season, time of day, skin pigmentation, sun exposure,
sunscreen use
What are tthe different Vitamin D forms? - ANSWER✔✔-*Important note that the body
can synthesize from cholesterol and UV light.
Forms include: VD2 (ergocalciferol) in plant sources and supplements, VD3
(cholecalciferol) in animal source foods and human body, VD2 is less biologically active
than VD3, VD-binding-protein required for transport in blood, Ergo is more effective in
plants than the human body
What are two types of Vitamin D Deficiencies? - ANSWER✔✔-Rickets and
Osteomalacia
What happens to the body when you have Rickets and/or Osteomalacia? -
ANSWER✔✔-There is a matrix in the bone where there is a six data matrix of the bone
that is usually soft. ID there isn't enough deposits of calcium and phosphorus to solidify
that matrix, then that soft part can't sustain and the bones give to any stress. One thing
that can help with this is VD absorption which is enhanced with fats and milks. VD is
involved in vitamin D have consumption and having cells. Roughly 30% of VD found in
milk gets absorbed in the body.
Explain Vitamin D Synthesis and Activation - ANSWER✔✔-Our skin depends on
Vitamin D3 synthesis and the temperature. VD3 then goes to the liver and it gets
and Answers
Retinoids - ANSWER✔✔-Is a collective term for the biologically active forms of vitamin
A. They are called preformed vitamin A because, unlike carotenoids, they do not need
to be converted in the body to become biologically active
Retinoid Acid - ANSWER✔✔-a fat-soluble and it goes through the skin. Goes to the
transcription. site of cells with the skin within the stem cell layer. Its hard for the body
to regulate that and b/c it's at the DNA level, there could be serious side effects (plus, it
isn't controlled)
Retinal Ester - ANSWER✔✔-the main storage of vitamin a. It is also the way food gets
in the body and is stored. This means that the retinol and alcohol is now bound to be
fatty acid and eliminate to absorb it.
Retinal - ANSWER✔✔-Vitamin A gets its hands dirty and works in the nucleus and
works at the state level to get things to happen so the retina aldehyde can do both and
the thing that it can do is help vision
,Rhodopsin - ANSWER✔✔-The removal of it allows calcium to be mobilized in the cell.
Mobilization in the cell and it causes fixtures that end up with neural transduction
What's a protein that could harm individuals? - ANSWER✔✔-Phenylketonuria
PKU (Phenylketonuria) - ANSWER✔✔-this is an inherited condition attributed to a
defective gene
Aspartame - ANSWER✔✔-it's a sugar substitute that contains phenylalanine
What is Vitamin D also considered? - ANSWER✔✔-a hormone as well as a vitamin
What are the role of Vitamin D in the body - ANSWER✔✔-- regulates gene
transcription
*maintains blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorus
- it regulates cell proliferationa and differentiation, imune function, can be
produced/transported in the kidney
- It's the manager of calcium pathways for the cells and if there is too much, it isi
involved in lowering it, and if it's too low, then it's involved in raising it, and it helps
mineralization/demineralization
What are factors affecting Vitamin D Synthesis in the Body? - ANSWER✔✔-*Important
note that there is a lot of controversy in how much VD you need
, - factors include: latitude, season, time of day, skin pigmentation, sun exposure,
sunscreen use
What are tthe different Vitamin D forms? - ANSWER✔✔-*Important note that the body
can synthesize from cholesterol and UV light.
Forms include: VD2 (ergocalciferol) in plant sources and supplements, VD3
(cholecalciferol) in animal source foods and human body, VD2 is less biologically active
than VD3, VD-binding-protein required for transport in blood, Ergo is more effective in
plants than the human body
What are two types of Vitamin D Deficiencies? - ANSWER✔✔-Rickets and
Osteomalacia
What happens to the body when you have Rickets and/or Osteomalacia? -
ANSWER✔✔-There is a matrix in the bone where there is a six data matrix of the bone
that is usually soft. ID there isn't enough deposits of calcium and phosphorus to solidify
that matrix, then that soft part can't sustain and the bones give to any stress. One thing
that can help with this is VD absorption which is enhanced with fats and milks. VD is
involved in vitamin D have consumption and having cells. Roughly 30% of VD found in
milk gets absorbed in the body.
Explain Vitamin D Synthesis and Activation - ANSWER✔✔-Our skin depends on
Vitamin D3 synthesis and the temperature. VD3 then goes to the liver and it gets
