NST 10 Midterm 2 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
complete vs incomplete vs complementary proteins - ANSWER✔✔-complete: adequate
amounts of all essential amino acids (animal proteins)
incomplete: inadequate amounts of 1+ essential amino acids (plant proteins)
complementary: combining plants to get all amino acids
sources of protein - ANSWER✔✔-mostly meat, chicken, fish, milk, nuts, eggs, and
many plants
positive vs negative nitrogen balance - ANSWER✔✔-+: protein intake > protein loss
-: protein intake < protein loss
protein functions - ANSWER✔✔-producing vital body structures, maintaining fluid
balance, acid/base balance, forming hormones/enzymes/neurotransmitters,
contributing to immune function, transporting nutrients, forming glucose, providing
energy
, water soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin B complex and C, not enough storage in
body means you much regularly ingest these vitamins
fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamins A, D, E, and K, stored in fat
most important vitamins and minerals - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin A, iron, zinc, iodine, and
folic acid
iron deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-most common, causes anemia --> blood contains low
levels of red blood cells, causes fatigue, reduced work capacity, and weakens the
immune system
vitamin A deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-causes night blindness, lack of tear production
(corneal scarring and irreversible blindness --> xerothalmia), decreased disease
resistance
zinc deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-affects the body's ability to heal wounds, grow/ repair
body tissue, clot blood, and ensure sound fetal development (growth stunting)
iodine deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-causes hypothyroidism and goiter (enlarged thyroid),
cognitive dysfunction, increased pregnancy risks
DALYs - ANSWER✔✔-disability adjusted life years: accounts for years of life lost
(mortality) and years of life lost due to disability (morbidity)
Questions and Answers
complete vs incomplete vs complementary proteins - ANSWER✔✔-complete: adequate
amounts of all essential amino acids (animal proteins)
incomplete: inadequate amounts of 1+ essential amino acids (plant proteins)
complementary: combining plants to get all amino acids
sources of protein - ANSWER✔✔-mostly meat, chicken, fish, milk, nuts, eggs, and
many plants
positive vs negative nitrogen balance - ANSWER✔✔-+: protein intake > protein loss
-: protein intake < protein loss
protein functions - ANSWER✔✔-producing vital body structures, maintaining fluid
balance, acid/base balance, forming hormones/enzymes/neurotransmitters,
contributing to immune function, transporting nutrients, forming glucose, providing
energy
, water soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin B complex and C, not enough storage in
body means you much regularly ingest these vitamins
fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamins A, D, E, and K, stored in fat
most important vitamins and minerals - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin A, iron, zinc, iodine, and
folic acid
iron deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-most common, causes anemia --> blood contains low
levels of red blood cells, causes fatigue, reduced work capacity, and weakens the
immune system
vitamin A deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-causes night blindness, lack of tear production
(corneal scarring and irreversible blindness --> xerothalmia), decreased disease
resistance
zinc deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-affects the body's ability to heal wounds, grow/ repair
body tissue, clot blood, and ensure sound fetal development (growth stunting)
iodine deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-causes hypothyroidism and goiter (enlarged thyroid),
cognitive dysfunction, increased pregnancy risks
DALYs - ANSWER✔✔-disability adjusted life years: accounts for years of life lost
(mortality) and years of life lost due to disability (morbidity)
