BI 121- Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Exam #4 (GRCC
Forbes) questions with verified answers
*Blood-Brain Barrier* Ans✓✓✓ Brain capillaries have overlapping tight
membrane junctions w/o clefts. No free movement of chemicals into
brain tissue
(Preventing microbes from entering the circulatory system into the
brain)
*Tympanic Reflex* Ans✓✓✓ In response to loud sounds, the ossicles
become immobile reducing conduction of sound to the inner ear to
protect the hearing receptors
Action Potential (Nervous Impulse/Electrical Signal) Ans✓✓✓ Changes
in TMP transmitted (propagated) along axon
Begins w/ chemically-gated Na+ channels; propagates via voltage-gated
channels
Active Membrane Transport Ans✓✓✓ Require cellular energy ATP to
move AGAINST a concentration gradient (low->high)
Movement of substances via protein channels (pumps) (Na+, amino
acids, H+, K, Ca)
Agonist (Enhancer) Ans✓✓✓ Activates a receptor
Ex: nicotine, dopamine
,As drug use increases, receptor response decreases, increase drug
amounts required (cigarettes)
Alzheimer's Disease Ans✓✓✓ Memory loss, dementia, and death
Decrease in Ach
Ampullae (Semicircular Canals) Ans✓✓✓ Hoses hair cells that respond
to movement of endolymph
Rapid movement of head or body causes fluid of the SCC to stimulate
the hair cells sending impulses to the brain
Anaphase Ans✓✓✓ Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite
poles, now called daughter chromosomes
Anaxonic Ans✓✓✓ Dendrites & axons indistinguishable. Limited to
brain and sensory organs
Animal Tissue Groups Ans✓✓✓ Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Antagonist (Inhibitor) Ans✓✓✓ Binds to receptors and blocks NT
action
Appositional Ans✓✓✓ Increases diameter of long bones
,Medullary cavity is increased (lamellae inside is broken as diameter
increases)
Arachnoid Mater Ans✓✓✓ Avascular membrane that reabsorbs CSF
*Blood flows in dural sinus between the outer and inner layers of the
dura mater*
Arachnoid=spider
Association Areas (Interpretative) Ans✓✓✓ Not directly involved w/
sensory or motor f. Found in all lobes
- interpret sensory info, memory, emotions, problem solving, speech,
conceptualization of consequence (not mature in males until 25, female
21)
General interpretive area plays primary role in complex and analytical
thought. Allows words to be recognized and understood
Astrocytes Ans✓✓✓ f: Tissue structure, ion regulation, glucose
metabolism, growth factor, direct nutrients to neurons, reinforce
blood-brain barrier
Astro=star
Auditory Ossicles Ans✓✓✓ Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes
(stirrup)
, Stapes f: push against oval window to move inner ear fluid to stimulate
hearing receptors
Auditory Tube (Eustachian Tube) Ans✓✓✓ f: Allow air pressure
equalization on each side of tympanum
Auricle (Pinnae) Ans✓✓✓ f: Collect sound
Autonomic f of Cerebellum Ans✓✓✓ Balance, coordination of skeletal
muscles, posture, integration and memory
Autonomic Motor Division (Parasympathetic) Ans✓✓✓ Moves body
back towards homeostatic set point
Autonomic Motor Division (Sympathetic) Ans✓✓✓ Moves body away
from homeostatic set point
Axon Terminal Ans✓✓✓ End of axon
Axons Ans✓✓✓ f: carry impulse away from cell body
Axons=away
Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Ans✓✓✓ Masses of gray matter below lateral
ventricles. f: subconscious control of skeletal muscles & coordinate
Forbes) questions with verified answers
*Blood-Brain Barrier* Ans✓✓✓ Brain capillaries have overlapping tight
membrane junctions w/o clefts. No free movement of chemicals into
brain tissue
(Preventing microbes from entering the circulatory system into the
brain)
*Tympanic Reflex* Ans✓✓✓ In response to loud sounds, the ossicles
become immobile reducing conduction of sound to the inner ear to
protect the hearing receptors
Action Potential (Nervous Impulse/Electrical Signal) Ans✓✓✓ Changes
in TMP transmitted (propagated) along axon
Begins w/ chemically-gated Na+ channels; propagates via voltage-gated
channels
Active Membrane Transport Ans✓✓✓ Require cellular energy ATP to
move AGAINST a concentration gradient (low->high)
Movement of substances via protein channels (pumps) (Na+, amino
acids, H+, K, Ca)
Agonist (Enhancer) Ans✓✓✓ Activates a receptor
Ex: nicotine, dopamine
,As drug use increases, receptor response decreases, increase drug
amounts required (cigarettes)
Alzheimer's Disease Ans✓✓✓ Memory loss, dementia, and death
Decrease in Ach
Ampullae (Semicircular Canals) Ans✓✓✓ Hoses hair cells that respond
to movement of endolymph
Rapid movement of head or body causes fluid of the SCC to stimulate
the hair cells sending impulses to the brain
Anaphase Ans✓✓✓ Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite
poles, now called daughter chromosomes
Anaxonic Ans✓✓✓ Dendrites & axons indistinguishable. Limited to
brain and sensory organs
Animal Tissue Groups Ans✓✓✓ Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Antagonist (Inhibitor) Ans✓✓✓ Binds to receptors and blocks NT
action
Appositional Ans✓✓✓ Increases diameter of long bones
,Medullary cavity is increased (lamellae inside is broken as diameter
increases)
Arachnoid Mater Ans✓✓✓ Avascular membrane that reabsorbs CSF
*Blood flows in dural sinus between the outer and inner layers of the
dura mater*
Arachnoid=spider
Association Areas (Interpretative) Ans✓✓✓ Not directly involved w/
sensory or motor f. Found in all lobes
- interpret sensory info, memory, emotions, problem solving, speech,
conceptualization of consequence (not mature in males until 25, female
21)
General interpretive area plays primary role in complex and analytical
thought. Allows words to be recognized and understood
Astrocytes Ans✓✓✓ f: Tissue structure, ion regulation, glucose
metabolism, growth factor, direct nutrients to neurons, reinforce
blood-brain barrier
Astro=star
Auditory Ossicles Ans✓✓✓ Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes
(stirrup)
, Stapes f: push against oval window to move inner ear fluid to stimulate
hearing receptors
Auditory Tube (Eustachian Tube) Ans✓✓✓ f: Allow air pressure
equalization on each side of tympanum
Auricle (Pinnae) Ans✓✓✓ f: Collect sound
Autonomic f of Cerebellum Ans✓✓✓ Balance, coordination of skeletal
muscles, posture, integration and memory
Autonomic Motor Division (Parasympathetic) Ans✓✓✓ Moves body
back towards homeostatic set point
Autonomic Motor Division (Sympathetic) Ans✓✓✓ Moves body away
from homeostatic set point
Axon Terminal Ans✓✓✓ End of axon
Axons Ans✓✓✓ f: carry impulse away from cell body
Axons=away
Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Ans✓✓✓ Masses of gray matter below lateral
ventricles. f: subconscious control of skeletal muscles & coordinate
