Atomic structure and the periodic table
Questions with Verified Answers
List seven properties of transition metals. (4 marks) - ANSWERSConducts heat, forms
coloured compounds, high melting/boiling point, strong/hard, high density, unreactive,
ions have different charges.
State two properties which coinage metals should have and give reasons. (2 marks) -
ANSWERSThey're hard so will not wear away and unreactive so doesn't dissolve.
Why are metals such as nickel are good conductors of electricity? (1 mark) -
ANSWERSElectrons are free to move.
What's the formula of iron (III) oxide? (1 mark) - ANSWERSFe2O3.
State two properties of transition metals that make them suitable for making cutting
tools. (2 marks) - ANSWERSStrong/hard and high melting point.
Aluminum - 660'C copper - 1084'C iron - 1540'C tungsten - 3410'C. Which metal should
be used to make the wire in a filament lamp? (2 marks) - ANSWERSTungsten as it has
the highest melting point.
Argon, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfur dioxide. Which gas should be used in a filament
lamp? (2 marks) - ANSWERSArgon as it's an unreactive gas.
Why is copper used for electrical wiring? (1 mark) - ANSWERSGood conductor of
electricity.
Why is iron used for girders in buildings? (1 mark) - ANSWERSIt's strong.
Why are transition metal compounds added to glazes for pottery? (1 mark) -
ANSWERSFor colour.
Why is aluminum in group 3? (1 mark) - ANSWERSHas three electrons in the outer
shell.
, Compare the chemical and physical properties of transition and group 1 elements. (6
marks) - ANSWERSGroup 1 physical - low melting point, low density, soft, group 1
chemical - very reactive, colorless compounds, forms +1 ions. Transition elements
physical - high melting point, high density, strong/hard, transition elements chemical -
low reactivity, coloured compounds, ions with different charges.
How were the periodic table arranged? (1 mark) - ANSWERSBy atomic weight.
How is the modern periodic table arranged? (1 mark) - ANSWERSBy atomic number.
What is the name for the block of metals between group 2 and 3? (1 mark) -
ANSWERSTransition metals.
A small piece of sodium is added to some water containing universal indicator, describe
what will happen. (3 marks) - ANSWERSUniversal indicator turns purple, floats around,
fizzes.
Explain why francium is the most reactive element in group 1 in terms of electronic
structure. (3 marks) - ANSWERSOuter electron is lost more easily, least attraction to
nucleus as outer shell electron is furthest from the nucleus.
Suggest one reason why it's important for the company to calculate the mass of
reactants. (1 mark) - ANSWERSSo no reactant is wasted.
State one property that makes aluminium more suitable than copper for overhead
cables. (1 mark) - ANSWERSHas a low density.
How can you tell that copper is a transition metal and aluminum is not a transition metal
from the position of each metal? (2 marks) - ANSWERSCopper is in the central block
between group 2 and 3 whereas aluminum is in group 3.
Explain why copper can be extracted from solutions os copper salt by adding iron. (2
marks) - ANSWERSIron is more reactive so copper is displaced.
State three differences between the groups in Newlands' periodic table and the mordern
periodic table. (3 marks) - ANSWERSThere were only seven groups, hydrogen was with
the halogens, halogens are in the first group.
Explain why the arrangement of elements in their relative atomic mass is not a problem
in the modern periodic table. (2 marks) - ANSWERSElements are arranged in order of
atomic/proton number and based on electrons on the outer shell.
Element A - 2.8.1 element B - 2.8.8 element C - 2.8.8.1 why is element C more reactive
than element A? Why is element B unreactive? (4 marks) - ANSWERSOuter shell in
element C is further away from the nucleus and electron is lost more easily. Element B
has a complete outer shell therefore it's stable so it doesn't lose or gain electrons.
Questions with Verified Answers
List seven properties of transition metals. (4 marks) - ANSWERSConducts heat, forms
coloured compounds, high melting/boiling point, strong/hard, high density, unreactive,
ions have different charges.
State two properties which coinage metals should have and give reasons. (2 marks) -
ANSWERSThey're hard so will not wear away and unreactive so doesn't dissolve.
Why are metals such as nickel are good conductors of electricity? (1 mark) -
ANSWERSElectrons are free to move.
What's the formula of iron (III) oxide? (1 mark) - ANSWERSFe2O3.
State two properties of transition metals that make them suitable for making cutting
tools. (2 marks) - ANSWERSStrong/hard and high melting point.
Aluminum - 660'C copper - 1084'C iron - 1540'C tungsten - 3410'C. Which metal should
be used to make the wire in a filament lamp? (2 marks) - ANSWERSTungsten as it has
the highest melting point.
Argon, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfur dioxide. Which gas should be used in a filament
lamp? (2 marks) - ANSWERSArgon as it's an unreactive gas.
Why is copper used for electrical wiring? (1 mark) - ANSWERSGood conductor of
electricity.
Why is iron used for girders in buildings? (1 mark) - ANSWERSIt's strong.
Why are transition metal compounds added to glazes for pottery? (1 mark) -
ANSWERSFor colour.
Why is aluminum in group 3? (1 mark) - ANSWERSHas three electrons in the outer
shell.
, Compare the chemical and physical properties of transition and group 1 elements. (6
marks) - ANSWERSGroup 1 physical - low melting point, low density, soft, group 1
chemical - very reactive, colorless compounds, forms +1 ions. Transition elements
physical - high melting point, high density, strong/hard, transition elements chemical -
low reactivity, coloured compounds, ions with different charges.
How were the periodic table arranged? (1 mark) - ANSWERSBy atomic weight.
How is the modern periodic table arranged? (1 mark) - ANSWERSBy atomic number.
What is the name for the block of metals between group 2 and 3? (1 mark) -
ANSWERSTransition metals.
A small piece of sodium is added to some water containing universal indicator, describe
what will happen. (3 marks) - ANSWERSUniversal indicator turns purple, floats around,
fizzes.
Explain why francium is the most reactive element in group 1 in terms of electronic
structure. (3 marks) - ANSWERSOuter electron is lost more easily, least attraction to
nucleus as outer shell electron is furthest from the nucleus.
Suggest one reason why it's important for the company to calculate the mass of
reactants. (1 mark) - ANSWERSSo no reactant is wasted.
State one property that makes aluminium more suitable than copper for overhead
cables. (1 mark) - ANSWERSHas a low density.
How can you tell that copper is a transition metal and aluminum is not a transition metal
from the position of each metal? (2 marks) - ANSWERSCopper is in the central block
between group 2 and 3 whereas aluminum is in group 3.
Explain why copper can be extracted from solutions os copper salt by adding iron. (2
marks) - ANSWERSIron is more reactive so copper is displaced.
State three differences between the groups in Newlands' periodic table and the mordern
periodic table. (3 marks) - ANSWERSThere were only seven groups, hydrogen was with
the halogens, halogens are in the first group.
Explain why the arrangement of elements in their relative atomic mass is not a problem
in the modern periodic table. (2 marks) - ANSWERSElements are arranged in order of
atomic/proton number and based on electrons on the outer shell.
Element A - 2.8.1 element B - 2.8.8 element C - 2.8.8.1 why is element C more reactive
than element A? Why is element B unreactive? (4 marks) - ANSWERSOuter shell in
element C is further away from the nucleus and electron is lost more easily. Element B
has a complete outer shell therefore it's stable so it doesn't lose or gain electrons.
