BCH210 Week 4 || with errorless answers.
Properties of Catabolism correct answers Breaking down larger macromolecules, exergonic,
oxidative. Creates high energy molecules in teh process (ex. ATP, NADH, FADH2)
Properties of Anabolism correct answers Building up macromolecules from smaller molecules,
reductive, endergonic. Requires high energy molecules to fuel the reaction (ex. ATP, NADH,
FADH2).
Metabolism correct answers The conversion of one molecule into another. (Cassifications:
phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, heterotrophs; humans are chemiheterotrophs.)
How to regulate a pathway correct answers Feedback inhibition by product, gene level
expression of enzymes, cofactor restriction, allosteric modulation, concentration of substrate,
diverging pathways, inhibition of the enzyme.
Metabolon correct answers A multi enzyme complex. When the enzymes come together, they
make more efficient use of cofactors and substrate intermediates.
Enzyme regulation correct answers Competitvely, Non-competitively, allosterically, or 100% by
covalent modifications.
Amphibolic intermediates correct answers An intermediate that takes part in both catabolic and
anabolic reactions. They link metabolic pathways together. An example is Acetyl CoA (links
PDC, Krebs, etc).
What do we need enzyme-catalyzed reactions correct answers Speeds up the rxn (rate of
equilibrium attainment), lowers the activation energy, stabilize the transition state, produce
metabolites needed for cells, they don't undergo structural changes (conformational not
configurational), they can couple favorable and unfavorable rxns together to produce an overall
favorable rxn.
, Thermodynamic Equation correct answers ΔG=ΔG°'+ RT ln [P]/[S]
Standard free energy change correct answers ΔG°' = -RT ln Keq
Keq and G correct answers If Keq >1, G is -ve and the reaction proceeds forward (exergonic-
release of energy). If Keq <1, G is +ve and the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction
(endergonic-absorbs energy). If Keq=0, G=0 and the reaction is reversible.
Metabolic/Pathway flux correct answers Metabolic flux is the conversion of metabolites through
a pathway by way of enzymes. Metabolite concentrations and enzyme regulation can determine a
pathway's activity/directionality/flux.
Free energy of the hydrolysis of ATP-ADP, ADP-AMP, AMP-A correct answers ATP-ADP= -
31kJ/mol, ADP-AMP= -36kJ/mol, AMP-A= -9 kJ/mol.
ATP correct answers a nucleotide made of adenine, a ribose and three phosphates. Bond between
the phosphates are phosphoanhydride linkages and the bond btwn the alpha phosphate and the
ribose is an ester linkage. Releases considerable energy when hydrolyzed (ATPase)
Other high energy intermediates correct answers mixed anhydrides, enol phosphaes (PEP),
thioesters, phosphocreatine.
Enzyme cofactors correct answers nonprotein molecules necessary for proper enzyme function.
They change an apoenzyme to the active holoenzyme. They may be essential ions (Zn, Mg, etc)
or coenzymes (NADH, FADH2, ATP, etc). Coenzymes are derived from vitamin precursors.
Reduced and Oxidized coenzymes correct answers Reduced- NAD, NADH, FADH. Oxidized-
FAD, NAD+, NADP+.
How much ATP circulates in the blood? correct answers 50g are readily available in the blood.
We metabolize 65 kg in a day.
Properties of Catabolism correct answers Breaking down larger macromolecules, exergonic,
oxidative. Creates high energy molecules in teh process (ex. ATP, NADH, FADH2)
Properties of Anabolism correct answers Building up macromolecules from smaller molecules,
reductive, endergonic. Requires high energy molecules to fuel the reaction (ex. ATP, NADH,
FADH2).
Metabolism correct answers The conversion of one molecule into another. (Cassifications:
phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, heterotrophs; humans are chemiheterotrophs.)
How to regulate a pathway correct answers Feedback inhibition by product, gene level
expression of enzymes, cofactor restriction, allosteric modulation, concentration of substrate,
diverging pathways, inhibition of the enzyme.
Metabolon correct answers A multi enzyme complex. When the enzymes come together, they
make more efficient use of cofactors and substrate intermediates.
Enzyme regulation correct answers Competitvely, Non-competitively, allosterically, or 100% by
covalent modifications.
Amphibolic intermediates correct answers An intermediate that takes part in both catabolic and
anabolic reactions. They link metabolic pathways together. An example is Acetyl CoA (links
PDC, Krebs, etc).
What do we need enzyme-catalyzed reactions correct answers Speeds up the rxn (rate of
equilibrium attainment), lowers the activation energy, stabilize the transition state, produce
metabolites needed for cells, they don't undergo structural changes (conformational not
configurational), they can couple favorable and unfavorable rxns together to produce an overall
favorable rxn.
, Thermodynamic Equation correct answers ΔG=ΔG°'+ RT ln [P]/[S]
Standard free energy change correct answers ΔG°' = -RT ln Keq
Keq and G correct answers If Keq >1, G is -ve and the reaction proceeds forward (exergonic-
release of energy). If Keq <1, G is +ve and the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction
(endergonic-absorbs energy). If Keq=0, G=0 and the reaction is reversible.
Metabolic/Pathway flux correct answers Metabolic flux is the conversion of metabolites through
a pathway by way of enzymes. Metabolite concentrations and enzyme regulation can determine a
pathway's activity/directionality/flux.
Free energy of the hydrolysis of ATP-ADP, ADP-AMP, AMP-A correct answers ATP-ADP= -
31kJ/mol, ADP-AMP= -36kJ/mol, AMP-A= -9 kJ/mol.
ATP correct answers a nucleotide made of adenine, a ribose and three phosphates. Bond between
the phosphates are phosphoanhydride linkages and the bond btwn the alpha phosphate and the
ribose is an ester linkage. Releases considerable energy when hydrolyzed (ATPase)
Other high energy intermediates correct answers mixed anhydrides, enol phosphaes (PEP),
thioesters, phosphocreatine.
Enzyme cofactors correct answers nonprotein molecules necessary for proper enzyme function.
They change an apoenzyme to the active holoenzyme. They may be essential ions (Zn, Mg, etc)
or coenzymes (NADH, FADH2, ATP, etc). Coenzymes are derived from vitamin precursors.
Reduced and Oxidized coenzymes correct answers Reduced- NAD, NADH, FADH. Oxidized-
FAD, NAD+, NADP+.
How much ATP circulates in the blood? correct answers 50g are readily available in the blood.
We metabolize 65 kg in a day.
