NSG 320 Final Exam Review exam with
complete SOLUTIONS
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? - ANSRenal failure
What are causes of hyperkalemia? - ANSMovement of ICF to ECF (burn or crush injury,
tumor lysis, massive infections, intense exercises)
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSfatigue, confusion, tetany, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, weakness
What IV solution can be given for hyperkalemia? - ANSIV regular insulin with dextrose,
IV calcium chloride or calcium gluconate (does not lower potassium but reverses the
toxic effects)
What should be given to a patient that is experiencing dangerous rhythms from
hyperkalemia? - ANSIV calcium immediately (monitor BP bc calcium can cause
hypotension)
What should the IV KCl infusion rate never exceed? - ANS10 mEq/hr
Importance of digoxin and hypokalemia - ANSdigoxin can increased risk of toxicity if
serum potassium is low. monitor for digitalis toxicity (confusion, N/V, GI problems,
lethargy)
Discharge teaching should be given... - ANSduring preoperative phase
What is the most common cause of COPD - ANSsmoking
Priority nursing intervention for patient with COPD - ANS-incentive spirometry (raise o2
stats)
-assess triggers that may cause exacerbation
-SMOKING CESSATION
Respiratory Acidosis - ANSpH: low
PaCo2: high
HCo3: Normal
Respiratory Alkalosis - ANSpH: high
Paco2: low
, Hco3: normal
Metabolic Acidosis - ANSph: low
Paco2: normal
Hco3: low
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANSpH: high
Paco2: normal
HCo3: high
A1C - ANSblood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess
glucose control
> 6.5% indicates diabetes
Fasting blood glucose - ANSmeasurement of blood sugar after fasting for 12 hrs
> 126 mg/dL indicated diabetes
Rapid Acting Insulins - ANSLispro, Aspart, Glulisine
Rapid Acting Onset - ANS10-30 min
Rapid Acting Peak - ANS30 min-1 hr
Rapid Acting Duration - ANS3-5 hrs
Short Acting Insulins - ANSRegular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Short Acting Onset - ANS30 min-1 hr
Short Acting Peak - ANS2-5 hrs
Short Acting Duration - ANS5-8 hrs
intermediated Acting insulins - ANSNPH
Intermediate Acting Onset - ANS1.5-4 hrs
Intermediate Acting Peak - ANS4-12 hours
Intermediate Acting Duration - ANS12-18 hours
Long Acting Insulins - ANSglargine, detemir
Long Acting Onset - ANS0.8-4 hrs
Long Acting Peak - ANSnon
complete SOLUTIONS
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? - ANSRenal failure
What are causes of hyperkalemia? - ANSMovement of ICF to ECF (burn or crush injury,
tumor lysis, massive infections, intense exercises)
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSfatigue, confusion, tetany, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, weakness
What IV solution can be given for hyperkalemia? - ANSIV regular insulin with dextrose,
IV calcium chloride or calcium gluconate (does not lower potassium but reverses the
toxic effects)
What should be given to a patient that is experiencing dangerous rhythms from
hyperkalemia? - ANSIV calcium immediately (monitor BP bc calcium can cause
hypotension)
What should the IV KCl infusion rate never exceed? - ANS10 mEq/hr
Importance of digoxin and hypokalemia - ANSdigoxin can increased risk of toxicity if
serum potassium is low. monitor for digitalis toxicity (confusion, N/V, GI problems,
lethargy)
Discharge teaching should be given... - ANSduring preoperative phase
What is the most common cause of COPD - ANSsmoking
Priority nursing intervention for patient with COPD - ANS-incentive spirometry (raise o2
stats)
-assess triggers that may cause exacerbation
-SMOKING CESSATION
Respiratory Acidosis - ANSpH: low
PaCo2: high
HCo3: Normal
Respiratory Alkalosis - ANSpH: high
Paco2: low
, Hco3: normal
Metabolic Acidosis - ANSph: low
Paco2: normal
Hco3: low
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANSpH: high
Paco2: normal
HCo3: high
A1C - ANSblood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess
glucose control
> 6.5% indicates diabetes
Fasting blood glucose - ANSmeasurement of blood sugar after fasting for 12 hrs
> 126 mg/dL indicated diabetes
Rapid Acting Insulins - ANSLispro, Aspart, Glulisine
Rapid Acting Onset - ANS10-30 min
Rapid Acting Peak - ANS30 min-1 hr
Rapid Acting Duration - ANS3-5 hrs
Short Acting Insulins - ANSRegular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Short Acting Onset - ANS30 min-1 hr
Short Acting Peak - ANS2-5 hrs
Short Acting Duration - ANS5-8 hrs
intermediated Acting insulins - ANSNPH
Intermediate Acting Onset - ANS1.5-4 hrs
Intermediate Acting Peak - ANS4-12 hours
Intermediate Acting Duration - ANS12-18 hours
Long Acting Insulins - ANSglargine, detemir
Long Acting Onset - ANS0.8-4 hrs
Long Acting Peak - ANSnon
